Monash University Handbook 2016 Undergraduate - Units

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit is used by the faculty to enrol students undertaking outbound exchange studies at a host institution. Students will not be able to enrol in this unit via WES. The faculty will manage the enrolment of students undertaking an outbound exchange program to ensure fees and credit are processed accurately.

This unit draws from various disciplines to contextualise students' development of discipline-specific skills and approaches to knowledge construction and interrogation essential for successful study at university. It examines and develops reading, writing, thinking, communication and research skills through discipline-specific perspectives in the sciences, humanities and social sciences. Through an exploration of basic rhetorical principles and developmental patterns of a range of academic literacy forms, emphasis is given to the discourse practices and research skills necessary for disciplinary expertise. Underpinning the development of these key skills is the recognition that students need to be enabled to participate in academic discourses as active contributors to knowledge construction, contestation, application and communication, and not mere recipients. Lectures will focus on key areas of academic literacies while exploring differences or similarities between perspectives and genres in the various disciplines. By engaging in the rigorous academic process of critical reading, writing, revision, presentation, and discussion together with academic support and feedback, tutorials enable students to gradually participate in the construction, debate and interrogation of academic knowledge.

This unit is designed to introduce students to the practices, requirements and expectations of university study and so prepare them to participate in the academic learning environment. It seeks to equip students with the academic skills, tertiary literacies and attitudes essential for successful university study. The coverage of a range of key skills ranging from academic writing to critical reading is unified thematically by a consideration of what makes university study different, the benefits of a university education and the development of graduate attributes. Throughout the unit, there will be an emphasis on the utility and transferability of these academic skills and competencies for employability, lifelong learning, and to other subjects undertaken so that students can navigate their own learning. Contextualised within themes and topics, lectures will situate skills development within current research, and highlight salient principles and practices. Tutorials will involve participation in a variety of tasks, focusing on discussion, assessment, application, practice and analysis of skills development in context.

This unit introduces the study of 'mass media' in terms of the relationships between industry, texts and audiences. Areas of study include news production, textual analysis, media ownership and diversity, film and sport.

This unit introduces the study of communications technologies by focusing on analyses of audiences, effects and technology. Students explore the social uses and practices associated with traditional and new communication technologies. Areas of study include telephony, screen, radio, print, photography and digital communication technology, with a particular focus on aspects of historical development, sociocultural adaptations, and contemporary technological convergence. Unit readings and assessment tasks expect students to discuss these matters in relation to different sociocultural contexts, drawing upon material and case studies from Australia, Southeast Asia, and other relevant areas.

Television Studies: Forms and Approaches gives students an overview of the discipline of television studies. In the course of the semester students will use close textual analysis and key theoretical approaches to examine a variety of TV shows and popular TV genres, such as the Sitcom, Reality Television and Children's TV. Students will explore the main formal features that these shows possess, the reasons for their popularity and the ways in which they impact upon the broader social world. In addition, the unit looks at recent developments in television, such as the move towards viewing content online. As well as studying traditional television programming, students will engage with other forms of "small screen media", such as music videos and YouTube clips.

Film studies: Forms and approaches gives students an overview of the discipline of Film studies. Weeks are devoted to the close analysis of film, with topics focusing on key formal and stylistic elements, such as narrative, mise en scene, camerawork, editing and sound. In addition, students will become familiar with some of the main theoretical approaches used in Film Studies, such as authorship, genre and national cinema. Throughout the unit emphasis is placed on situating films within their broader social, political and historical contexts, and in doing so students will engage with the ideological significance of cinema - how films offer particular, politically-loaded visions of life. Exploration of these issues is supported through weekly screenings, with a variety of films being shown, spanning a range of historical periods, genres and countries.

This unit shows how sexuality is the primary analytical category across multidisciplinary fields of study in Asian and global contexts, e.g. culture or the Arts, media and communications, business or economy, education or pedagogy, sociology, politics, psychology or sports, sciences or health and religion or theology. In this unit, key areas of inquiry within Sexuality Studies are wide-ranging and include: sexual cultures, sexual communities, sexual labour or commerce or tourism, sexual education, sexual regulation or bias, sexual politics, sexual citizenship, sexual activism and rights, sexual deviance, sexual disability, sexual health and sexual ethics. The topics in this unit are highly sensitive even controversial as they set out to challenge assumptions, biases even prejudices that students have in making visible how constructed rather than naturalised gendered and sexual identities are, beginning with one's own.
The unit therefore aims to enable students to realise how relevant, contemporary and intersectional the study of sexualities is across disciplines, social-cultural contexts and their own lived realities. The unit also aims to impress upon students how integral gendered and queer perspectives in sexuality matters are to understanding and transforming human relations and micro-macro structures towards realising a more sustainable, just and equitable existence for all.

This unit shows how gender is the primary analytical category across multidisciplinary fields of study in Asian and global contexts. These fields of study include but are not limited to: culture or the Arts, media and communications, business or economy, education or pedagogy, sociology, politics, psychology or sports, sciences or health and religion or theology. Gender Studies as a specialised discipline as such, foregrounds or privileges a gendered perspective and analysis across these multiple sites of study. Other analytical categories such as class, ethnicity, nationality and sexualities that intersect with gender are also considered.
The topics in this unit are highly revelatory, gender-sensitised and often, thought-provoking, as they set out to challenge assumptions, biases even prejudices that students have in making visible how constructed rather than naturalised gendered and sexual identities are, beginning with one's own.
The unit aims to enable students to realise how relevant, contemporary and intersectional the study of gender is across disciplines, social-cultural contexts and their own lived realities. The unit also aims to impress upon students how integral a gendered perspective is to understanding and transforming human relations and micro-macro structures towards realising a more sustainable, just and equitable existence for all.

This unit emphasises the study of major political events and historical developments of the twentieth century as one route to understanding current world issues. Through lectures, class discussion and written work, students will explore how rivalry and conflict between states and peoples in the twentieth century have been closely intertwined with the rise of ideologies such as imperialism, nationalism, communism, liberal democracy and religious ideas. A close reading of particular events as they unfolded in selected parts of the world demonstrate also how external developments and local factors interact to shape local as well as international dynamics, with implications also for current world affairs.

The unit introduces students to the topic of globalisation and its impact on the state. Unit is divided into three parts. The first segment provides a broad conceptual introduction to globalisation. In the second, students examine the impact of globalisation on the state. In the third, students evaluate the major criticisms of globalisation.

This unit provides a critical introduction to the development of key journalistic concepts, research and practices in the production of original news stories in the print and video formats. This includes the social, professional and legal contexts for journalism production; the technical production and conventional narrative styles of news production for print and video journalism. The unit also examines the two different formats of news production and the various factors that can affect the optimal choice of medium for reporting. Students will produce a critical evaluation of their own performance and provide constructive feedback for their peers.

This unit develops the key practices of research and reporting for news journalism. This includes: the social, professional and legal context for journalism production; the technical production and narrative conventions for online and radio journalism; and consideration of factors affecting the optimal choice of medium for reporting. Students will research and produce original news stories to a deadline in radio and online formats, as well as produce a critical evaluation of their own performance and constructive feedback on their peers.

This unit examines the interaction between politics and the economy. Students will be introduced to both classic texts and recent research dealing with the impact of political forces and processes on economic policies and outcomes. No background in economics is required and economic concepts will be explained and discussed with the minimum use of jargon and mathematics.

Through lecture, online discussion, and tutorial participation, students will explore both political science and economic theories with an explicit focus on the practical trade-offs that exist when resolving competing values such as fairness, equality, and maximizing human welfare. These issues tend to be highly polarising and current trends in media and technology are reducing the ability of people to discuss and resolve these competing values. One explicit goal of this unit is for students to develop the skills necessary to identify the competing values associated with a particular economic policy and use empirically grounded theories to find practical solutions that best intermediate those values. These skills are incredibly valuable for society and unfortunately tend to be tragically under-developed.

This unit examines the relation between youth and mobile media, based on an analysis and discussion of media effects. Media effects are explored with regards to direct, social, and cultural effects. These effects are understood in terms of a reshaping of public and private space, flows of power, economic opportunities, and personal agency.
This unit covers topics such as: the impact of mobile media on political protests; gender and body image; the commercialisation of online public space; and, convergence between television and mobile media. It draws upon material and case studies from the USA, Southeast Asia, and other relevant areas.

This unit introduces learners to a wide variety of film genres. They include traditional genres such as the western, melodrama, noir, the musical and horror, as well as newer ones like the biopic and the martial arts film. Learners will consider the socio-cultural and historical influences on genres, and in some cases, understand significant differences between Western and non-Western works within a particular genre. Theoretical concepts related to the study of genres, such as intertextuality and hybridity, will also be emphasized.

The unit examines various competing theories that have been developed to analyse changing media technologies and societal change. Topics include idealist and materialist notions of culture, agency and structure, identity formation and power.

The unit introduces critical and practical approaches to research in the media and communications industries, presenting first a critical overview of the rationale for research practice in industry and academia, and then an outline of various traditions of inquiry. This material is followed by a series of lectures on specific quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The material is framed within an ongoing review of key ethical and critical concepts.

The unit analyses of range of contemporary texts that address issues of postmodernism, discourse, memorialisation and trauma. In particular, the unit explores the relationship between memory and narrative and how the present is connected to the past in inscription. The texts are drawn from a range of traditions (US, French, British, for example) and a range of media (novel, graphic novel and film).

This unit explores the political, economic and social determinants of national migration policies and the impact that these policies have on a wide variety of migrants around the world. We will investigate the roles that states, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and human traffickers play in facilitating or preventing the ever increasing movement of peoples across borders.

This unit provides a broad overview of Malaysian history, socio-economy, politics and culture for second and third year students in the School of Arts and Social Sciences. It is informed by the approaches of various disciplines in that School. It both analyses the peculiarities of Malaysia's multi-cultural society and emphasises factors promoting national integration. It notes key areas of development and challenge in the economy, the education system, in health and technology and in Malaysia's role in the global community.

The unit focuses on the production of radio journalism. Through the production of a series of radio stories, students develop the key practices of interviewing, recording, voice presentation and editing. It critically considers different modes of audience engagement in broadcasting and online and critically the implications for radio journalists, and undertakes critical analyses of ethical and editorial issues in radio broadcasting.

The unit aims to provide a detailed exploration on the workings of media and reporting in Southeast Asia. It contextualizes the key theoretical frameworks and media issues within the region in order to obtain a deeper understanding into the current state of media and reporting in Southeast Asian countries. It aims to provide a historical context to develop an awareness of the politics of colonization and decolonization to understand its relevance to media and reporting in the region.

The unit provides further development of the students' skills in critical evaluation in the production of online journalism. By producing a series of online news current affairs stories, students will further develop the key performance practices of researching, interviewing, writing stories, photography, recording in various media, voice presentation and online presentation. Students will also critically consider the impact and implications of different modes of audience engagement for online journalists, including the ethical and editorial issues with regards to online production.

This unit provides further development of the key journalistic practices of concepts, research and practices in the production of news and current affairs stories in the audio-visual format. This includes the social, professional and legal context for journalism production; the technical production and conventional narrative styles for video journalism. This unit also examines the various factors affecting the use of audio-visual media for the reporting of news and current affairs stories. Students will research and produce original news stories to deadline in the audio-visual format, produce a critical evaluation of their own performance and provide constructive feedback for their peers.

In this unit, students will explore the practical side of developing a project for community improvement. Students will develop a project proposal, a funding application, and a public relations campaign for the selected social issue.

This unit introduces contemporary debates surrounding the concept of post-colonialism and its attending notions including orientalism, diaspora, hybridity, cosmopolitanism, nationalism and third-world sexuality. This unit is introduced in line with the aim of globalising of the University's curriculum and in making learning relevant to the learners. The objectives, apart from creating an awareness among students with regards to their postcolonial subjectivities, also opens up a critical space with which they can engage, debate, interpret and realign. Through interaction with literature, it is hoped that students will translate what they read to how they experience their subjectivities.

This unit explores the intersections of genders, sexualities and religions within the political, social-cultural context of Southeast Asia. This focus is based on the premise that the impact of religions and by extension, ethnicities are significant to how genders and sexualities are understood and lived out in this region. Within the larger framework of Gender and Sexuality Studies, the privileging of contemporary debates, issues and concerns arising from this geographical region demonstrates realities that are situated and grounded. Within an inter-disciplinary framework, feminist and queer theories are critically applied to topics covered that include: pluralisms or fluidity of genders and sexualities in religion, narratives of becoming in the family, faith community and cyberspace, sexual citizenship in the national imaginary, construction of masculinities and femininities of those who inhabit border zones of being socially excluded/included, such as youth, migrants, sex workers and ascetics; and agency in revisiting the impasse of the universality versus cultural relativism of rights. The unit aims to enable students to reflexively engage with questions of identity, agency and praxis on the distinctiveness/'Asianness' of doing genders and sexualities in this region, and the value and limits of using an intersectional analysis on genders, sexualities and religions.

This unit explores key debates, issues and concerns related to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in global contexts, with a focus on Asia-Pacific. Key international documents that SRHR concepts are drawn from include gender-specific texts such as: the International Conference on Population and Development, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Beijing Platform for Action, UN Millennium Development Goals and The Yogyakarta Principles (The Application of Human Rights Law, in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity). The unit covers topics across multidisciplinary fields of study and diverse social-cultural contexts, such as: bodily integrity, gender-based violence, genders and sexualities, HIV and AIDS and reproductive justice. The unit also explores the cross-cutting nature of SRHR in less researched areas of concern, such as, poverty, food sovereignty, security and disaster, climate justice, labour and migration and political and religious fundamentalisms.
The unit aims to enable students to critically engage with highly contemporary debates on SRHR, particularly on how it impacts youth and adolescents and to make informed and reflexive decisions on SRHR matters in their own lives. It also enables students to understand broader implications of SRHR in terms of synergising local practices and global visions.

This unit engages with two key critical modes of inquiry: feminist and queer which are distinctive methodologies for Gender Studies and Sexuality Studies. These modes of inquiry underline the full cycle of a research process: from identifying a research topic, mapping research design, generating and analysing data to writing-up and disseminating research findings. Feminist and queer methodologies or theoretical frameworks underpinning research would critically consider aspects such as: identifying research gaps with a view to giving voice to the narratives of marginalised communities (e.g. gender and sexual minorities); grounding research in their lived realities and in specific social-cultural contexts; and practising reflexivity when faced with ethical dilemmas, engaging and representing the 'other' and interpreting, writing up and disseminating data.
In addressing the 'so what' criterion of research, a feminist and queer ethos also find full expression in taking action as a primary outcome of the research process hence action research (e.g. change mindsets, review policy, formulate framework for activism, etc.). The transformative ends of such research potentially realise feminist and queer praxis and in doing so, apply learning towards effecting social justice. The unit also aims to prepare students for the capstone experience - engaging with the workplace and community.

The unit examines the various ways in which civil society brings about political change. The unit is divided into three parts. First, students are provided with a broad conceptual introduction to civil society and social movements and must investigate why social movements evolved and what role they play as agents of change. In part two, students examine various case studies dealing with traditional and new social movements. During part three, students look at the international level and evaluate the degree to which NGOs and transnational movements act as agents of change.

Since the early 20th century film stars have been a central feature of cinema and have attained a prominent place within broader culture and society. They appear in magazines, on billboards, on television programmes, and now have a strong presence on the internet. The importance of stars stems from their economic function within cinema, their contributions to the meanings and affects of films, and their ideological role in defining and shaping popular conceptions of identity in societies at particular points in time. This course will offer a thorough interrogation of the star phenomenon, combining theoretical work derived from the field of 'star studies' with empirical analyses of specific films and stars. A host of extra-filmic materials, such as magazine articles, interviews, film reviews and promotional materials will also be analysed as students seek to identity the defining features of a number of star personas. Topics covered will include the history of stardom from the silent 'gods and goddesses' to modern day television stars and celebrity culture; the ideological role of stars in circulating and revealing dominant attitudes to class, gender, sexuality and race/ethnicity; and the cultural and national specificities of stardom through case studies of American, French, Indian and Southeast Asian stars. In doing so, there will be emphasis on the contribution stars make to the pleasures of cinema, while remaining attentive to the political implications of these hugely popular and highly influential representations of selfhood.

This unit looks at the influence of social media in the 21st century, and focuses on how key technologies require new literacies. It will explore the continuities with, and divergences from, previous media forms in terms of everyday practices, entertainment, politics, and market-related contexts.
The unit covers topics such as interactions of technology and society, the commercialisation of the internet, internet and politics, everyday uses of the internet, and the future of the internet. It draws upon material and case studies from the USA, Southeast Asia, and other relevant areas.

This unit introduces students to key issues and debates about media regulation, freedom and control. Topics addressed include issues of media ownership, convergence, censorship and classification, globalisation and resistance, as well as democracy and the public sphere. Students will explore examples of policy frameworks that respond to these issues, as well as their implications and effects. The unit examines these policies in different sociocultural contexts, drawing upon material and case studies from the USA, Southeast Asia, and other relevant areas.

This unit explores the various twentieth century theories on authorship and their relationship to the practices of reading. Topics range from the Romantic notion of authorship, to the authorship of autobiographies and films.

This unit as a whole explores what constitutes feminist knowledges and practices in Asia. As feminisms are historically 'western-centred', the unit considers the ways in which these resonate with lived realities in Asia. As such, feminist knowledges and practices of 'women of colour' (e.g. feminist-postcolonial thought) are privileged in this unit. Highly interdisciplinary in its concerns, the unit examines fluid and contextual characteristics of a 'who is a feminist'; how feminisms are practised vis--vis transformations in and through the body, dress (e.g. veiling) or fashion, gender-based violence and gender justice; what constitutes feminist knowledge (i.e. standpoint epistemologies) and who owns or produces such knowledge (e.g. those who inhabit the margins such as queers, masculinities, diaspora, cyborgs, etc.). The unit aims to enable students to reflexively engage with the relevance of feminist theorising and practice by critically applying concepts and questions of identity, agency and feminist praxis to contemporary debates, issues or concerns. Feminisms have relevance when it potentially questions assumptions or biases even prejudices, reviews existing practices, particularly those that lead to gender-based discrimination and violence, opens-up possibilities for providing solutions to a particular problem or redress to a social injustice or spaces of negotiation to a controversy or impasse.

This unit introduces students to key concepts and theories in the discipline of International relations with the aim of exploring how these help explain events and developments in world politics. Students will examine how material power and interests as well as norms, culture, and ideas/theories shape outcomes in the international system, considering theoretically their role in inter-state conflict and war, prospects for peace and cooperation, as well as broader governance questions pertaining to human rights, development and the environment. Drawing also on cases, developments, events and skills encountered in other International Studies subjects, a key aim of this unit is to consider whether it is possible to secure broader normative and humanitarian goals in a state-centric international system that still appears to take seriously the preservation of state sovereignty.

This unit introduces students to the global economy and its governance. It enables students to critically examine conflicts among states, firms, international organizations, NGOs and other groups over how the global economy is governed. Key questions to be explored are:

1. How do different political and economic ideas influence global economic governance, including in trade and finance, and whose interests are privileged as a result?
2. How have groups such as women and labour and issues such as the environment fared under neoliberal approaches to governance?
3. Should we govern the global economy to achieve stability and efficiency, or should we also attempt to achieve justice?

International crises are complex phenomena driven by states and a variety of non-state actors including media conglomerates, epistemic communities and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. This unit examines a number of interrelated themes dealing with the development and resolution of various types of global crises.

Students will be assigned specific roles and participate in an extended online and face-to-face crisis simulation. This theoretically grounded simulation requires students to work strategically with classmates to resolve the crisis according to role-specific objectives. Students will explore a number of factors that may prevent or accelerate the escalation of international crises, including: intervention by the international community, international agreements, the increasing concentration of media power, the emergence of social media, and transnational movements.

The internship provides students with the opportunity to integrate theory with practice, and to gain first-hand experience in working in the area of specialty in which they want to pursue after graduation. The work placement is aimed at consolidating and extending what they have learnt from core units and other Degree units, through experiential learning. The unit develops their understanding of the application of academically obtained knowledge and skills in a workplace environment, and facilitates their acquisition of work-based networks for potential employment opportunities. Separate internship programs are drawn up for each student.

As a capstone unit for those who intend to major in Gender Studies, this unit serves as the practicum for Gender and Sexuality Studies. The capstone experience enables these students to reflexively engage with the application of feminist and queer theories to the workplace. Work placements in non-governmental organisations in global contexts are strongly encouraged as these settings led themselves more adequately to such critical engagement of synergising the learning in the classroom and learning within the community. Feminist praxis that is aimed at realising social justice potentially finds expression through student- assessment of the relevance of a transformative education that potentially leads to exciting career prospects.

This unit provides a detailed exploration of the research and reporting practices for business, industrial and economic reporting. It canvasses the main documentary sources, geographical locations, key personalities and institutions, and contemporary issues in this field. It places contemporary practices in their larger historical and geographical contexts, and critically considers the professional and social implications and accountabilities of reporting in this specialized field. Please be aware that access to certain technology/equipment will be required for this unit. Contact the unit coordinator for details.

This unit aims to provide a detailed exploration of emergent and dominant trends in the production, distribution and consumption of global media. It will contextualize key theoretical frameworks and media issues in order to obtain a critical insight into the trends and ruptures in globalising media forms.

The unit covers a range of compositional techniques used in prose fiction. The weekly topics are organised around exercises designed to develop skills in effective use of creative detail, in conscious crafting of formal elements or writing techniques (e.g. building character, developing storyline, describing place, cultivating writing style or voice, identifying a narrative structure, etc.), and in preparation and editing of copy for publication.

This unit approaches creative writing in terms of its status as a product of processes of experimentation (as distinct from personal expression). Students will explore a range of strategies for experimenting with forms and with themes through weekly exercises, investigations into theories from inter-disciplinary fields of study (e.g. communication, literary, film, gender/queer studies, etc.), and contextualised in varied social-political and cultural contexts. The major composition that is built on weekly exercises has a thematic focus that is student-driven and demonstrates the processes of researching, drafting and editing creative texts. The unit is oriented towards practical and critical application of advanced experimental strategies and thus emphasises the importance of research into literary, non-literary, fictional, non-fictional texts so that students can better appreciate the extent of originality of style and content of their work in relation to that of published authors. The unit is also oriented towards the production of effective and experimental writing, and the importance of reflecting on creative work through the critical techniques of exegesis.

Under the supervision of an academic staff member, students will develop, and commence the implementation and reporting of, a research project on an approved topic of their own devising. This unit is followed by Arts honours dissertation 1 (AMU4719), under which the project and thesis will be completed.

Under the supervision of an academic staff member, students will implement and report on a research project commenced in the unit Arts honours dissertation 1 (AMU4718) on an approved topic of their own devising.

This unit provides training in research methodologies and theoretical frameworks, including approaches to ethics and intellectual property management. Study is developed around a research project based on identified industry needs. The project is to be designed, developed and budgeted to proposal stage and becomes the basis for assessment in the unit. The unit provides the opportunity to explore vocational interests in a chosen aspect of the communications and media industry while maintaining a critical approach to research.

The unit is a reading course that grounds students in contemporary debates on a range of social and cultural theory at an advanced level through a mixture of lecture inputs and seminars. Students will acquire interdisciplinary skills in critically evaluating key theoretical debates and situating them in the context of their thesis research projects.

This unit examines the complexity of criminal behaviours and the range of criminological theories espoused in order to explain such diverse behaviours. Humans are rule-making and rule-enforcing beings, but not all of us conform to these rules. Many violate the rules and are subject to sanctions and punishment. Individual, group and organisational criminal behaviours and enterprises are examined in this unit. A sophisticated analysis of criminal behaviours includes exploration of biological, psychological and social explanations of crime and the interactionist tradition including differential association theory. Crowd disorders and street gang behaviours will be examined. Organisational and institutional criminal behaviours extend from white-collar and corporate criminal activity to the dynamics of political crimes of violence, corruption and human rights violations that can be committed by the state and against the state. The unit involves study of definitional and conceptual issues, causes, methods of control and the effects of such organisational criminal behaviour. The unit examines the legal controls and responses by governments and other agencies in order to curb and prevent criminal behaviours of individuals, groups and organisations.

The unit is offered to Honours and postgraduate students who need specialist skills in ancient Greek and/or Latin. Students are divided into two cohorts depending on the language of their preference and undertake guided reading complemented by advanced language tuition.

This unit provides an introduction to spoken and written modern standard Chinese to students with no prior knowledge of Mandarin. An overview of the important sentence structures of modern standard Chinese is begun with equal emphasis on the four skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking. Students will also be
introduced to culture and customs as they relate to everyday life.

This unit continues the overview of the important sentence structures of modern standard Chinese begun in Chinese Introductory 1. Equal emphasis is placed on the four skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking. Students will continue to be familiarized with Chinese culture and customs as they relate to daily life from a cross-cultural perspective.

This unit introduces students to interdisciplinary approaches to addressing the key challenges facing the global community. Students are introduced to historical and contemporary concepts, ideas, and frameworks necessary for critically reflecting on the impact of globalisation across cultures. Key to this reflection will be the development of skills in understanding institutions, cultures and people across a range of local, regional, and global contexts. The unit will enable students to identify, define and describe key global challenges and to apply the interdisciplinary knowledge gained in this unit to critique and construct knowledge in this area.

This unit is a general introduction to the study of religions, spirituality, and belief and non-belief, in the contemporary world. In particular, it introduces a range of theoretical and methodological approaches, and examines some of the pressing intellectual questions that are raised by (and for) religions, spirituality, belief and non-belief.

Issues canvassed include: religion and colonisation; religion and environmental degradation; religion, gender and sexuality; religion and spirituality; religious responses to modernity; and religion, secularisation, and non-belief. The future of religions will also be discussed, in the light of the theories and methods introduced in the unit.

This unit introduces students to the history, core teachings and central practices of many of the world's religions: indigenous Australian traditions, Indian religions (Hinduism, Sikhism), Buddhism, Chinese and Japanese religions (Taoism, Confucianism, Shintoism), Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and new religious movements.

The unit looks at religions as dynamic, ongoing forces that given meaning and direction to human lives, and that shape the collective experience of human beings in diverse socio-historical settings.

The unit does not aim to make judgments about what is right and wrong, but rather sets out to aid the development of knowledge and understanding of the broad sweep of religious traditions.

The unit draws together students from various levels of musical experience at pre-tertiary level and consolidates fundamental skills in music performance. Students develop instrumental/vocal technical and performance skills that prepare them for the repertoire-based focus of the next unit in the sequence, ATS1045 Performance 2.

The unit consolidates and extends fundamental skills in music performance developed in ATS1044 Performance

1. Students further develop technical and performance skills by presenting for examination repertoire appropriate to this foundational level of tertiary study. The choice of repertoire should consolidate and go beyond the level of skills attained in ATS1044 Performance
2. This prepares students for the intermediate level of instrumental/vocal technical development required for the next unit in the sequence, ATS2122 Performance 3.

The unit draws together students from various levels of musical experience at pre-tertiary level and consolidates fundamental skills in composition. Students develop technical skills by writing short musical works that demonstrate knowledge of acoustic instruments and composition-related music technology skills. Students also learn how to respond with relevant compositional ideas to a set concept and this enables them to explore other compositional techniques in the next unit in the sequence, ATS1047 Composition 2.

The unit consolidates and extends fundamental skills in composition developed in ATS1046 Composition 1. Students further develop technical skills by writing well-structured single movement works that demonstrate knowledge of extended techniques for acoustic instruments and computer-aided approaches to composition. Students also learn how to respond with differentiated compositional ideas to a set concept. This prepares students for the study of intermediate level compositional techniques in the next unit in the sequence, ATS2127 Composition 3.

The unit draws together students from various levels of musical experience at pre-tertiary level and consolidates fundamental skills in creative music technology. Students develop technical skills by completing tasks that demonstrate a fundamental knowledge of computers, synthesizers and audio recording equipment in a studio setting. Students also begin to formalise conceptual ideas concerning the use of music technology and music programming this prepares them for the next unit in the sequence, ATS1049 Creative music technology 2.

The unit consolidates and extends fundamental skills in creative music technology developed in ATS1048 Creative music technology 1. Students further develop technical skills by completing tasks with computers, synthesizers, and audio recording equipment in a live performance and studio settings. Students also apply conceptual ideas concerning the use of music technology to performance or recorded works, and this prepares them for the study of intermediate level creative music technology techniques in the next unit in the sequence, ATS2129 Creative music technology 3.

This unit provides teaching in the basic language skills (speaking/listening/reading/writing) and an introduction to French society. It is designed for students with little or no knowledge of the language. Students will be encouraged to develop appropriate language learning strategies. Regular assessed homework and tests emphasize the continuous nature of language learning and the need for frequent practice. In the Specialized Culture component, students will explore an aspect of French culture and society and develop competence appropriate to their year level in the theory, practices and discourses involved in analysis of it.

This unit develops basic language skills (speaking/listening and reading/writing) beyond the level acquired in ATS1061 and provides an introduction to modern French society. It is designed for those with limited knowledge of French. Students will be encouraged to develop appropriate language learning strategies. Regular assessed homework and tests emphasize the continuous nature of language learning and the need for frequent practice. In the Specialized Culture component, students will explore an aspect of French culture and society and develop competence appropriate to their year level in the theory, practices and discourses involved in analysis of it.

The unit relates the practice of journalism to the study of journalism and how it operates in contemporary Australian society. Students gain a foundational understanding of the changing media landscape, the seismic shifts in technology, the culture of the newsroom, sources and verification, different genres of journalism, objectivity and interviewing. Drawing on scholarship as well as media case studies and a range of practical research techniques, students will examine investigative journalism, literary essays, long-form journalism, 'new journalism', documentaries, television, photojournalism and social media. In addition, the unit locates the Australian experience in its historical and international context.

The unit introduces the key practices of research and reporting for news journalism, including the technical production and narrative conventions for print and online media. Students research and produce original news stories to deadline and engage in a critical evaluation of the work of their peers.

This unit is for students with little or no knowledge of the language. This unit consists of two components. Component 1: Language. A communicatively oriented German language course designed for all-round development in the language. Component 2: This component will familiarise students with the history, culture and the socio-economic conditions of the German-speaking countries.

This unit is for students with little or no knowledge of the language. This unit consists of two components. Component 1: Language. A communicatively oriented German language course designed for all-round development in the language. Component 2: This component will familiarise students with the history, culture and the socio-economic conditions of the German-speaking countries.

The primary focus of the unit is on the communication skills required for use in an Indonesian setting. Lectures cover a broad introduction to the culture and geography of Indonesia as well as an introduction to strategies and skills required in learning a language. Practicals deal with the introduction and application of basic communication tasks with an emphasis on numeracy skills and immediate needs.

A continuation of Indonesian 1. Lectures explore the historical, cultural, and political background to the modern Indonesian state while tutorials continue to develop proficiency in basic communication tasks, though with a greater emphasis on travel related themes.

This unit aims to develop knowledge, strategies and skills to interact in Japanese, in situations likely to be encountered in Australia and Japan and to establish a firm foundation of linguistic, sociolinguistic and sociocultural knowledge which can be creatively applied in a variety of situations.

This unit aims to develop knowledge, strategies and skills needed to interact in Japanese in practical contexts in Australia and Japan and also aims to extend linguistic, sociolinguistic and sociocultural knowledge to develop cross-cultural awareness and facilitate effective interaction.

This unit is designed for students with no or little knowledge of the Korean language to build a foundation in their basic knowledge of the Korean language and culture. Students will be introduced to contemporary Korean, with special emphasis on spoken usage for everyday situations. Students will also be introduced to a general overview and understanding of modern Korean history, culture and society.

Building on the foundation established in Korean Introductory 1, students will continue to develop their ability to communicate in routine social situations. They will also be introduced to various learning strategies that aim to help them develop a sense of control over their own learning, leading to a lifetime of learning.

The unit introduces students to developments in 20th Century actor training, focusing on vocal and physical techniques for character building and theatrical embodiment.

The unit builds on the learning begun in ATS1189. Students continue their study of 20th Century actor training, and develop their learning of vocal and physical techniques for character building and theatrical embodiment.

ATS1191 is aimed at students with no previous experience of the Spanish language. It provides an integrated, innovative and communicatively oriented Spanish course which develops all-round competence in the basic structures of the language. In addition, students are introduced to key aspects of Spanish and Latin American cultures and societies.

ATS1192 develops language skills acquired in ATS1191 with particular emphasis on oral and written practices. In addition, students are introduced to key aspects of Hispanic cultures and societies.

This unit enables students to gain understanding of what magic, ritual and spiritual beliefs means to people in the modern world. It also introduces first year students to some of the contributions that anthropologists and sociologists of magic and religion have made to knowledge of human societies.
Case studies provide a comparative understanding of rituals and associated cosmologies in a variety of sociocultural settings, from both the developing world and post-industrial settings and examine critically the cultural borders established between the fields of science and spiritual belief.
Topics include: magic's rationalities; teenage magic in the west; witchcraft in the non-west; materiality and faith; embodied experience and spirituality.

Introduction to Ukrainian for students with little or no knowledge of the language. The unit lays the foundation for the study of the Ukrainian language by enabling the student to acquire practical speaking, comprehension, reading and writing skills. It introduces students to key concepts of Ukrainian culture.

Consolidation and extension of the work begun in ATS1211. The unit builds on the foundations laid in ATS1211 by developing speaking, comprehension, reading and writing skills. It introduces students to aspects of Ukrainian culture and to simple literary texts.

This unit aims to provide a basic foundation in the basic language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing Italian, and a brief introduction to contemporary Italian social and political history and culture. It is specifically designed for those students who have little or no knowledge of the language.

Consolidation and extension of work begun in ATS1221.

This unit aims to provide a basic foundation in the basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing Italian, and a brief introduction to contemporary Italian social and political history and culture. It is specifically designed for those students who have little or no knowledge of the language.

This unit aims to consolidate the foundation provided by level 1 Italian in the basic language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing Italian, and to continue the introduction to contemporary Italian social and political history and culture provided by ATS1221 or its equivalent

An introduction to the study of ancient cultures incorporating approaches drawn from archaeology, ancient history and classics, to show how we attempt to understand the ancient past and its relevance to the present. Case studies are drawn from the Mediterranean world, Asia and Australasia reflecting the research expertise of the teaching staff and focus upon the period before 1000 BCE. Topics include human evolution; origins of farming; the city states of Iraq and Syria; Egypt, the Minoans and Mycenaeans, and the Indus Valley; the development of writing and the role of myth.

An overview of the ancient cultures focusing upon the issues of territorial and cultural expansion and the rise of imperialism, and associated cultural complexity, internationalism and multiculturalism. Case studies are drawn from Australasia and the Mediterranean world, beginning with the original settlement of Australia and the study of rock art, and then moving to the emergence of empires of Assyria-Babylon, Persia, Athens, Alexander the Great and Rome.

The unit introduces students to ideas of social justice and Indigenous rights, focusing on the role of the state and its obligations to the international community, and Aboriginal human and civil rights and self-determination. Students will gain an appreciation of issues of Aboriginal sovereignty, land rights and native title. The unit considers histories of ideas of social justice and their relationship to colonisation in Australia.

Anthropology is the study of the diversity of human expression through space and time, which not only focuses on differences and similarities between societies and cultures, but also on connections and contestations between them. This unit will explore these aspects through focussing on the ongoing relationship between Indigenous and Settler Australians. This unit explores points of contestation and how this has shaped the position of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians in contemporary society. Key periods in Indigenous Australia are discussed and the way in which Anthropology has been involved in the process of understanding Indigenous relationships to each other and to the land.

Anthropologists seek understanding of how differences shape the world. They look beyond everyday explanations for realities of life and culture, and use their perceptions to create better futures for humans and their collectives. Students will explore case studies in: globalisation, mobility, poverty, development, environmental change, resistance, indigeneity, technology and online worlds, gender and sexuality, sex and reproduction, magic, spirituality and religion. Through these, students will be introduced to key concepts of ethnography and anthropology.

Exploring contemporary Australia: People, events, ideas is a subject that tackles the "why?" of modern Australia: Why does it treat asylum seekers like it does? Why is sport so important? Why are issues with Indigenous Australia still so unresolved? Why is gender spoken about so often in current Australian media? Why does ANZAC day matter so much?

We will investigate contemporary Australian issues through a sociological, political, and historical lens by each week covering a different theme or idea in Australia: Indigenous Australia, the economy, gender, sport, pop culture, multiculturalism, the environment, politics, and more. By asking, "How is Australia dealing with this?", "What happened in Australia's history for the nation to approach the issue in this way?", "What does the way this issue is being thought about tell us about current Australia?", we will be able to answer the "whys": "Why is Australia like this now?", "Why did it do those things in the past?", "Why is this issue handled like this now in Australia?"

As well as expert guest speakers coming to address the students on certain topics, there may be an additional optional field trip.

The unit introduces students to cognitive-behavioural, psychodynamic and social understandings of human behaviour. This multi-disciplinary orientation, including studies of the human mind, consciousness, emotion, and normal and abnormal behaviours, provides students with a broad and detailed introduction to understanding human behaviour.

This unit introduces students to range of key issues regarding human behaviour in its social context. Contemporary understandings of health, quality of life, social inclusion, and resilience are explored, while introducing students to concepts and theories relating to the self and social interactions. The unit takes an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from a range of subfields in psychology (e.g. social, cross-cultural and health psychology) as well as other disciplines within the social sciences (e.g. sociology and anthropology).

This unit investigates ethical issues raised by current and likely future developments in biotechnology and genetics. The unit examines ethical controversy surrounding the following topics, outlining the latest research in each case: genetic engineering and 'enhancement' of human traits; preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnosis and selection; therapeutic and reproductive cloning; stem cell research; genetic modification of organisms; synthetic biology; and biological weapons.

The unit investigates how the law and public policy should respond to advances in medicine and biotechnology, and the role of justice in these contexts. Examples of possible topics covered include: whether employers and insurance companies should be permitted to discriminate among applicants on the basis of genetic profile; whether it is discriminatory to select against sex or disability in future children; whether the law should protect individuals' genetic privacy or whether we have a duty to share our genetic knowledge; whether the law should act paternalistically to prevent people from harming themselves or making bad health decisions; whether people who are responsible for their own bad health should receive lower medical priority, and whether advances in knowledge in the biological/genetic bases for behaviour give us reason to doubt individual responsibility.

This unit introduces students with little or no previous knowledge to classical Latin. Students steadily acquire a good grammatical overview of Latin, reinforced by the reading of adapted Latin texts, weekly grammar exercises and vocabulary tests. More broadly, students encounter the Latin language within the context of classical Roman society and culture, and emphasis is given to Latin's grammatical legacy to English and other modern languages. Although there is no formal oral component to this unit, students are encouraged to become familiar with the pronunciation of Classical Latin.

The unit is designed to further students' knowledge of Latin, gained in ATS1267, and improves their reading skills to the point where authentic Latin texts may be read and enjoyed. Students make significant progress with their understanding of Latin grammar and syntax, while reading increasingly authentic texts by authors such as Virgil, Cicero and Suetonius. Learning is reinforced by weekly grammar exercises and vocabulary tests.

This unit introduces students to the core concepts and theoretical traditions within media studies including political economy, textual analysis, empirical studies and cultural studies. These are aligned with historical and contemporary examples of social, economic and political debates about media industries and audiences. Students also examine the ways in which power and influence are exercised through media in cultural and social life.

This unit provides a broad introduction to communications and media studies and its theoretical traditions and concepts, with a particular focus on contemporary communications and media industries and debates. The unit is designed to encourage students to apply their own individual and social contexts of communications and media to key theories of the discipline. Individual lectures are directed to providing basic theories and concepts within communications and media studies through an industry case study approach.

Crime is an issue that citizens and governments confront on a daily basis. The causes of crime, and how it should be dealt with, are the focus of intense and on-going debate. That debate is examined in this unit. Students analyse the meaning, nature, and extent of crime, examine how crime is portrayed in the media, evaluate the effect images of crime can have on our perceptions of the crime problem, and how it should be addressed.

This unit explores the operation of the major institutions of the criminal justice system in Australia and analyses current debates surrounding the outcomes of the system. The police, courts and sentencing, punishment and prisons and alternative community-based schemes will be investigated. The unit examines the relationship between the different parts of the criminal justice system and the relationship with the wider community. The ways in which police, courts and corrections handle contemporary issues for example, mandatory sentencing, minority groups, zero tolerance, drugs, vigilante justice and juvenile justice may be covered in this subject.

Performance in Context I will be a foundational unit in the Theatre major and minor. Whilst offering a general introduction to concepts, theories and practices in the discipline, the primary focus of the unit will be on theatre history and historiography. Students will examine the development of theatrical conventions in key periods of theatre history, and the relationship of theatrical performance to social, political and cultural forces. The continuing influence of past modes of performance in the development of contemporary theatrical forms will also be explored.

Performance in Context II is the companion unit to Performance in Context I, both of which function as foundational units in the Theatre major and minor. Performance in Context II will extend students' understanding of concepts, theories and practices in the discipline. Whereas as Performance in Context I exposes students to traditions and conventions of mainstream theatre, Performance in Context II will explore challenges to convention, such as avant-garde theatre, feminist performance art, and site-specific performance. Students will create their own devised work as part of the assessment requirements.

In today's context of globalisation, English has taken on the role of an international language, used for the purposes of international and intercultural communication. This unit provides students with some basic understanding of the current sociolinguistic reality of the English language. It introduces the basic notions in the study of English as an International Language. It will also engage students in some current debates about the communication in English and allow them to reflect on their own use of English in international and intercultural contexts.

English has now achieved the status of an international language. It is now used between speakers from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds who bring with them their cultural norms such as norms of politeness into the interaction. Therefore, knowledge of the way English is used and cultures from different countries is essential in international communication settings. This unit examines in detail this issue and the complexity of communication in English in international contexts.

Students will acquire skills and knowledge in the genre of the tertiary-level academic essay: these will be transferable to all writing in all subjects students undertake. We will study techniques of planning and idea generation. We will acquire a solid foundation in grammar, punctuation, spelling, usage and style. We will develop research techniques, and correct techniques in the use of sources (referencing, quoting, paraphrasing, and the avoidance of plagiarism). We will study and apply techniques of argumentation. We will study skills in the genre of academic writing, and we will develop skills in oral presentation, drafting, and editing and proofreading.

In the modern workplace, the ability to communicate well in different forms (spoken and written) and contexts (online, face to face, and formal documents) is highly valued. In this unit we will focus on developing effective communication, particularly in written form, in professional situations. The unit is based in practical exercises to develop your abilities as a writer and also an editor of professional standard texts. We will study and produce types of writing and documents that are essential for you to secure professional employment, as well as to thrive in the kind of professional employment you can expect to find as a graduate.

The unit will introduce analytical and critical approaches to contemporary communication issues such as changes in literacy practices and the forms and mediums of communication. Through an understanding of professional genres, varied text types, audience, context, and language usage, the unit will help to develop your ability to judge communication expectations in new and changeable environments. We will also study principles of information, gathering, analysis and reporting in professional contexts, and put these into practice through activities, projects and assignments.

Employing textual criticism, critical theory and theories of political economy, this unit will introduce a variety of approaches to the study of television. It will consider the phenomenon of television through a critical approach to the forms specific to broadcast television through an understanding of recent theories relating to popular culture. These include issues of history, genre, context , consumerism and audiences. Attention will also be given to the cultural and economic forces that shape and are reflected in the structuring of television programs and networks.