Areas of study by faculty: Science

Astronomy and astrophysics

Minor sequence in astronomy and astrophysics (24 points)

• At least two of ASP1010, ASP1022, MTH1020, MTH1030, PHS1011, PHS1080 or PHS1022
• ASP2011 and ASP2062

The level two units have the additional prerequisites of 6 points of level-one physics and MTH1030 (Techniques for modelling) or equivalent.

Astrophysics

Major sequence in astrophysics (48 points)

• a minor sequence in mathematics or physics
• ASP2062, ASP3012 and ASP3051
• at least one of ASP3222, ASP3231, or MTH3360

The core unit ASP2062 has the additional prerequisite of 6 points of level-one physics, and ASP3012 has the additional prerequisite of MTH2032 (Differential equations with modelling). Level two physics units are highly recommended.

The unit ASP3222 has additional prerequisites of PHS2011 (Physics: Quantum concepts and technologies) and PHS2022 (Physics: Electromagnetism, light and entropy), and the unit ASP3231 has prerequisites of ASP2011 or PHS2011 or PHS2022.

Requirements for honours in astrophysics

• 24 points of level-three units, of which normally 18 points are astrophysics units.

Additional information

Level one

The two first-level astronomy units ASP1010 and ASP1022 are descriptive and introductory and are accessible to students with no prerequisites.

Students considering a minor sequence in astronomy should complete at least 6 points of first-year physics and MTH1030 or equivalent.

Students considering taking a major sequence in astrophysics should complete PHS1011 and PHS1022 and at least 12 points of mathematics units at level one, normally MTH1020 (Analysis of change) and MTH1030 or equivalent. Students may also find it advantageous to include some chemistry, computer science or geosciences units, depending on their particular interests.

Level two

The unit ASP2011 is taught by the School of Physics, which operates its own observatories at Mount Burnett and at the Clayton campus, while ASP2062 is taught by the School of Mathematical Sciences. The units cover both theoretical and observational astronomy. ASP2062 is a core unit in the astrophysics major and should be taken at level three if not taken at level two. Students intending to take 24 points of astrophysics at level three must have completed at least 12 points of mathematics and at least 6 points of physics at level two. The mathematics units completed must include MTH2010 and MTH2032; MTH3051 is also strongly recommended. The minimum physics requirement is PHS2011, which is a modern physics unit built around quantum physics taught in the context of atomic, molecular and solid state physics. However, it is preferable for students to take 12 points of physics comprising PHS2011 and PHS2022, especially if they are more interested in the observational or instrumental aspects of astrophysics. This is because this combination of units provides a good grounding in quantum concepts, electronics principles and optics, all of which are important in astronomy and astrophysics.

Level three

It is expected that students taking astrophysics at level three will combine the sequence primarily with either 24 points of mathematics (for those intending to follow theoretical astrophysics) or with 24 points of physics units (for those intending to follow a more observational or instrumentational approach) at level three. In either case, there is a core of 12 points at level three composed of the two units ASP3012 and ASP3051. In addition, students must complete at least one of ASP3222, ASP3231 and MTH3360. Students who completed ASP2062 at level two would normally take MTH3360 and ASP3231. Students who still have to complete ASP2062 at level three would normally choose between MTH3360 (if inclined more to the theoretical) and ASP3231 (if inclined more to the observational). ASP3222 is for students who are not taking physics at level three and are inclined towards theoretical astrophysics.

Students intending to study theoretical astrophysics at honours level in the School of Mathematical Sciences are advised to include MTH3360 at level three and to gain some experience with numerical computation.

Students at third-year level and wishing to take astrophysics but who lack the appropriate physics prerequisites may be able to enrol in some of the ASP core units as part of their mathematics sequence (refer to the level three entry in the mathematics and statisticsmathematics and statistics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/mathematics-and-statistics/) area of study entry in this Handbook), however they should discuss this with the astrophysics coordinator at the earliest opportunity.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in atmospheric science (24 points)

• PHS1011 and PHS1022, or PHS1080 and PHS1022, or MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010
• two of ATM2020, ATM2030, ATS2776, or ATS2779

The level two units ATM2020 and ATM2030 have a co-requisite/pre-requisite of MTH1030.

Major sequence in atmospheric science (48 points)

• a minor sequence in atmospheric science
• at least two of ATM3040, ATM3050, ATS3558 or ATS3887
• any remaining points to be made up from MTH3051, MTH3230, MTH3360 or the level two or three ATM or ATS units listed above, with at least 18 points of level three units

MTH2010 and MTH2032 must also be completed as corequisites/prerequisites for some of the level three units.

Requirements for honours in atmospheric science

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are atmospheric science units

Additional information

Level one

Students considering taking a major sequence in atmospheric science will need to complete a 12-point sequence of level-one mathematics (either MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010). Also, as atmospheric science is a broadly based discipline, a level one unit in either physics or chemistry is recommended.

Level two

Students considering taking a major sequence in atmospheric science must complete the prerequisite mathematics unit MTH2010 and are strongly encouraged to take MTH2032 as well (as it is a prerequisite for MTH3360).

Level three

Students taking a major sequence in atmospheric science should take at least two of ATM3040, ATM3050, ATS3558 and ATS3887, although some substitution is allowed with the approval of the coordinator.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in applied biochemistry (24 points)

• CHM1011 or CHM1051, and either BIO1722 or BIO1011
• BTH2741 and one of BTH2752 or BTH2732

Major sequence in applied biochemistry (48 points)

• CHM1011 or CHM1051, and either BIO1722 or BIO1011
• BTH2741 and BTH2732 and BTH2752
• BTH3741, BTH3752 and one of CHM3930 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in biochemistry

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally from units listed above.

Additional information

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to the course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in biochemistry.

First level units provide essential foundation knowledge in chemistry and cell biology. Second level units introduce in depth investigations of cellular biochemistry, cell metabolism and recombinant DNA technology which are extended at level three. The incorporation of project work at levels two and three enables students to develop key research skills.

Minor sequence in biochemistry (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022, or CHM1011 and CHM1022, or CHM1051 and CHM1052
• BCH2011 and BCH2022

VCE Chemistry or at least a level-one unit in chemistry is recommended for level-two units.

Minor sequence in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major sequence in biochemistry (48 points)

• a minor sequence in biochemistry
• four of BCH3021, BCH3031, BCH3042, BCH3052, or BCH3990

Major sequence in biochemistry and molecular biology (48 points)

• a minor sequence in molecular biology
• BCH3031 and BCH3052, and two of BCH3021, BCH3042, or BCH3990

Double major sequence in biochemistry and molecular biology (72 points)

• a minor sequence in molecular biology
• BCH2011 and BCH2022
• one of MIC3011, MIC3022, MIC3032, or MIC3990
• 30 additional points from the BCH units at level three

Details of the MIC units and sequences are described in the microbiologymicrobiology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/microbiology/) area of study entry in this Handbook.

Requirements for honours in biochemistry and molecular biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are biochemistry or developmental biology, human pathology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units.

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students who have completed other majors may be eligible with approval of the Head of School.

Additional information

Level two

Biochemistry and molecular biology are first offered as units at level two. For students who wish to complete a minor or major sequence in biochemistry and molecular biology the level-two unit combinations BCH2011 and BCH2022, together with MOL2011 and MOL2022 are highly recommended.

Level three

Students who have completed BCH2011/BCH2022 and MOL2011/MOL2022 will have gained a firm foundation for studying any combination of the following 6-point units: BCH3021 and BCH3031 in first semester, and BCH3042 and BCH3052 in second semester, in addition to BCH3990 (either semester). Completion of at least four 6-point BCH units at level three offers maximum flexibility in choice for future studies in biochemistry. Students should discuss their interests and career plans with level-three unit coordinators to facilitate a choice of units that best suits their interests.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in a honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Major sequence in biotechnology (48 points)

• BTH1802 and CHM1052
• two of BTH2741, BTH2732 or GEN2041
• SCI3716
• three units from BTH3711, BTH3752, BTH3820, GEN3040, GEN3051 and SCI3990

Double major sequence in biotechnology (72 points)

• BTH1802 and CHM1052
• two of BTH2741, BTH2732 or GEN2041
• SCI3716
• seven units from BTH2752, CHM2922, MIC2011, BTH3711, BTH3752, BTH3820, GEN3040, GEN3051 and SCI3990, with at least five units at level three

Honours requirements

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from level three units listed above

Additional information

In addition to the requirements for the sequences listed above, students completing a major or double major sequence in biotechnology may need to complete additional prerequisite units at levels one and two. Students should check the individual unit entries for the level two and three units in the Handbook when planning their selection of units.

Honours

Full details regarding entrance requirements and the course structure for honours are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in computational science (24 points)

• FIT1040, FIT1029 and FIT1008
• one of FIT2004, FIT2014, or FIT3139

Major sequence in computational science (48 points)

• FIT1040, FIT1029 and FIT1008
• FIT2004 and FIT2014
• FIT3139* and FIT3143
• one of FIT3036, FIT3042, FIT3080, FIT3088, FIT3140, or MTH3051

Double major sequence in computational science (72 points)

• FIT1040, FIT1008 and FIT1029
• FIT2004 and FIT2014
• FIT3139* and FIT3143
• five from FIT3036, FIT3042, FIT3080, FIT3088, FIT3140, and MTH3051

In addition to these requirements, students completing a major sequence in computational science are required to have completed at least 12 points of mathematics units.

* Note that this unit has a pre-requisite of MTH1030 or MTH1035.

Requirements for honours in computational science

• 24 points of level three units, with a minimum of 18 points from the level three units listed above.

Additional information

Graduates who have completed at least the 48-point major sequence in computational science are eligible for level-one membership of the Australian Computer Society.

Level one

The sequence of FIT1029, which covers algorithmic problem solving, FIT1040, which covers basic programming skills, and FIT1008, which extends these programming skills and provides a general introduction to computer science, is highly recommended for all students, whether or not they intend to become computer scientists.

The level-one units serve both as a general introduction to computer science and as a prerequisite for further studies. Thus they may be taken either by students wishing to major in computational science or by students whose major interest is in some other branch of science.

Students who are considering completing a major sequence in computational science should also take at least 12 points of mathematics units.

Level two

The core level-two units aim to develop a firm foundation in the fundamental concepts of computer science, namely algorithm development and the theory of computation. In addition, the elective level-two units introduce new topics to broaden the student's view of computation and its applications.

Level three

Students intending to complete a major sequence in computational science must take FIT3139, which provides an introduction to computational science, and FIT3143 Parallel computing, a topic highly relevant to computational science, plus one 6-point computer science elective.

FIT3139 Computational science is also recommended for all students of science, whether or not they intend to become computer scientists.

Students intending to proceed to honours should complete at least the 48-point computational science major sequence to ensure they have sufficient breadth to undertake the honours coursework units offered each year.

Honours

Coordinator: Dr Alan Dorin (Clayton School of Information Technology)

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in developmental biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• DEV2011 and DEV2022

Minor sequence in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major sequence in developmental biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• DEV2011 and DEV2022
• DEV3011, DEV3022 and any two of DEV3032, DEV3990, BCH3021*, GEN3030*

Note: MOL2011 is a recommended unit for all level three DEV units.

* This unit has compulsory level one and/or level two prerequisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level one and two units listed above.

Requirements for honours in anatomy and developmental biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are developmental biology or biochemistry, human pathology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students with other majors may be eligible with approval of the head of school.

Additional information

Level two

The prerequisite units for DEV2011 are BIO1011 or BIO1022.

In order to undertake DEV2022, it is necessary to undertake DEV2011.

MOL2011 is a recommended unit for all level-three DEV units.

Level three

The prerequisite units for the third year units DEV3011 and DEV3032 are DEV2011 and DEV2022.

DEV3011 is a prerequisite for DEV3022.

In order to undertake DEV3990, 12 points of study in the discipline area at second year level and a distinction over 24 points at second year level is required or, under extraordinary circumstances, by permission of the unit convenor or head of department.

BCH3021 and GEN3030 have additional prerequisites at level one and/or level two which are not part of the major sequence in developmental biology.

Honours

Coordinator: Associate Professor M. Jane Black

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in ecology and conservation biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• any two of BIO2011, BIO2040, BIO3011 or BIO3111

Major sequence in ecology and conservation biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2011, BIO2040 and one of BIO2022, BIO2050, BIO2181 or BIO2231
• BIO3011, BIO3111 and one of BIO3021, BIO3052, BIO3082, BIO3091, BIO3122, BIO3820, or GEN3062

Requirements for honours in ecology and conservation biology

• BIO3011 and BIO3111, and two relevant 6-point level three units listed above.

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner/Associate Professor Paul Sunnucks

Students studying ecology and conservation biology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the structure and evolution of animals, their cellular and molecular composition and the fundamentals of patterns and processes in ecological systems. Examples are drawn from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrae animals to illustrate and explain the participants in ecological communities and their interactions with the environment.

Level two

Coordinator: Associate Professor Paul Sunnucks

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2011 and BIO2040 before proceeding to level three ecology and conservation biology. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major, which provides an understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes which have generated biodiversity through time. Alternatively, completion of the level two zoology units can comprise a minor in the ecology and conservation biology area of study. Level two ecology and conservation biology builds upon first year to examine patterns of biodiversity and the processes that underpin that biodiversity, in addition to ecosystem processes that occur in natural food webs. A strong emphasis is placed on developing the core understanding of plant and animal taxa that make up biodiversity, and the ecological generalities that underpin their occurrence and interactions. Conservation biology emphasises the application of ecological principles and modern genetic approaches to manage species of conservation influence, drawing heavily on examples from Australia and overseas. The teaching in the units available at level two is a combination of lectures and practical activities, including field exercises and laboratory sessions examining live animals and prepared specimens of different kinds. Skills in taxonomic identification are also gained through hands-on practical activities.

Level three

Coordinator: Associate Professor Paul Sunnucks

The final year of the ecology and conservation biology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels. BIO3011 emphasises the practical skills needed to effectively study ecological systems, and is complemented by practical examples in BIO3111. Both core units draw heavily on real examples from conservation and emphasise how the ecological principles taught in second year can be applied to addressing issues of conservation concern. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with time spent in the field directly assessing patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Both units are required for completion of the ecology and conservation biology major, along with one or two from a variety of other units offered by the school. These units provide an opportunity for students to pursue particular sub-disciplines including evolutionary and ecological genetics (GEN3062), plant physiology and ecology (BIO3082 Plant responses to the environment and/or BIO3091 Ecology of Australian vegetation), freshwater ecology (BIO3122), marine biology (BIO3021), tropical terrestrial ecology (BIO3820) and animal behaviour (BIO3052).

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in ecology and environmental management (24 points)

• ENV1711 and ENV1722
• two of BIO3052, BIO3132, ENV2712, ENV2726, ENV3639, ENV3711, ENV3737, ENV3761, MAT2742 or SCI3990

Major sequence in ecology and environmental management (48 points)

• ENV1711 and ENV1722
• ENV2712 and ENV2726
• ENV3711 and ENV3737
• two of BIO3052, BIO3132, ENV3639, ENV3761, MAT2742 or SCI3990

Double major sequence in ecology and environmental management (72 points)

• ENV1711 and ENV1722
• ENV2726 and ENV2712
• ENV3711 and ENV3737
• the remaining units from level two and level three units listed above, with at least a total of 36 points at level three.

Requirements for honours in ecology and environmental management

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally ENV and/or BIO units listed above.

Additional information

A major in ecology and environmental management will develop field, laboratory and analytical skills required for employment and/or further studies in this area. Field trips are associated with several units in the major and are designed to provide hands-on experiences in data collection and interpretation. This major can be taken as a double major or studied in conjunction with any other Science major. Chemistry, statistics, microbiology and biochemistry are considered useful co-majors. A major in ecology and environmental management can lead to further studies including honours, master's (by research), Master of Environment and Sustainability (by coursework) and PhD (by research).

Honours

In addition to the requirements above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in ecology and environmental management.

Minor sequence in food science and technology (24 points)

• CHM1051 and FST1800
• two of CHM2962, FST2810, FST3810, FST3820, FST3830, FST3840 and FST3850

Major sequence in food science and technology (48 points)

• CHM1051 and FST1800
• CHM2962 and FST2810
• FST3820 and FST3840, and two of BTH3711, FST3810, FST3830, FST3850 and SCI3990

Double major sequence in food science and technology (72 points)

• CHM1051 and FST1800
• CHM2962, FST2810, and at least two of BTH2732, BTH2741, CHM2922, or MIC2011
• FST3810, FST3820, FST3830, FST3840, BTH3711, and at least one of FST3850, SCI3716 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in food science and technology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units chosen from the list of units above

Additional information

Honours

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/courses/0051.html).

Minor sequence in genetics (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• 12 points of GEN units at level two or three

Major sequence in genetics (48 points)

• BIO1011 and either BIO1022 or BIO1042
• GEN2041 and GEN2052
• four of GEN3030, GEN3040, GEN3051, GEN3062*, GEN3990, or MOL2011

Major sequence in genetics and molecular biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022
• GEN3040 and any three of GEN2041, GEN3030, GEN3051*, GEN3062*, or GEN3990

* This unit has compulsory level-two prerequisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level two units that are part of this sequence.

Requirements for honours in genetics

• 24 points of relevant level three units, of which normally 18 points are genetics units.

Additional information

Level one

Students studying genetics in their first year will take BIO1011 (Biology 1) plus BIO1022 (Biology 2) and/or BIO1042 (Environmental biology). The focus in first year is to acquire basic knowledge of the inheritance of genes, the structure and expression of genes and the principles of population genetics as a stepping stone to the comprehensive treatment of these subjects provided at level two.

Level two

Students wishing to complete a major in genetics must complete the two level two genetics units GEN2041 and GEN2052. Together these units provide a comprehensive grounding in all the concepts needed for the advanced, specialised genetics units offered at level three. Students wishing to complete a major in genetics and molecular biology must complete the level two molecular biology units, MOL2011 and MOL2022, and it is highly recommended they also complete GEN2041. In the level two genetics units students examine in detail how genes interact both with other genes and with environmental factors to control traits. The nature of the 'gene' is explored in detail, including gene regulation, function and mutation. Students explore how the availability of whole genome sequences for numerous organisms allows us to ask how genetic variation in individuals or in populations arises, is maintained, and allows species to change, adapt and evolve. Finally, students are introduced to the basic molecular genetic 'toolkit' that allows researchers to manipulate and study genes in a wide range of genetic model organisms from prokaryotes through to complex multicellular eukaryotes.

Level three

In the level three genetics units students investigate specialised areas at the cutting edge of modern genetic research, building on the concepts gained in earlier levels. Studies in GEN3040 examine recent knowledge relating to the details of gene regulation in eukaryotes; explore recent advances arising from whole genome approaches to study gene function and address evolutionary questions; consider applications of recent discoveries in areas of importance to national and international health and also sustainable food production and security. In GEN3030 students investigate how genes and genomes provide the blueprint that so reliably drives the growth and development of organisms from the starting point of a single-celled zygote to the end point of a mature adult with its complex array of different organs and tissues, using the same basic genetic machinery to produce organisms as startlingly diverse as fungi, insects, plants, fish and mammals. GEN3051 examines the role our genes play in human health, development and evolution and how disease can arise due to a mix of genetic defects and environmental influences, and how forensic science exploits our genetic similarities and differences to identify individuals from biological samples and to determine relationships between individuals. In GEN3062 students explore how evolutionary processes shape patterns of biodiversity by focusing on genetic diversity in an ecological context, what it is, how to measure it and how it underpins adaptation and contributes to successful biodiversity. All level three units involve extensive practical work exercises, and for high-achieving students keen to get into a real laboratory, GEN3990 is available, a project-based unit where the student carries out a research project in the laboratory of one of the genetics academic staff.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in geographical science (24 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and one additional level two unit from the units listed above

Major sequence in geographical science (48 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and 6 or 12 points of level two ATS units from the list above
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from the level three ATS units from the list above

Double major sequence in geographical science (72 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and 6 or 12 points of level two ATS units from the list above
• the remaining points from ATS level two and level three units listed above, with at least 36 points at level three

Requirements for honours in geographical science

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from the level three units listed above

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

The primary objective of the syllabus of units at level one is to introduce key concepts for understanding the reciprocal links between people and the natural world, and the spatial processes shaping economy, society, and environmental change. No prior studies in geographical science are required to begin study at level one.

A first-level sequence in geographical science consists of two semester units. In first semester, students enrol in ATS1310. In second semester, they may choose either ATS1301 or ATS1309. Students planning a comprehensive introduction to geographical science may take all three units.

Students in course 3544 Bachelor of Environmental Science (only) may substitute ENV1011 (Planet earth: Our place in the universe) and ENV1022 (Australian physical environments: Evolution, status and management) for level one units in any sequence in geographical science.

Level two

The syllabus at level two permits students to select from a variety of sub-fields in geographical science. The satisfactory completion of a minor sequence in geographical science equips students with an understanding of the complex interdependence of human activities and diversity of geographical approaches concerning the interrelationships of place, people and environment.

Level three

At level three, students elect to enrol in one or more of the main systematic fields which are intended to challenge them with appropriate advanced material and to intensify their familiarity with the purpose and practice of original research work. To obtain a major in geographical science, students would normally complete 24 points at level three.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in geosciences (24 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• the remaining 12 points from the ESC units at level two or three

Major sequence in geosciences (48 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• ESC2111 and ESC2122
• the remaining 24 points from the ESC units at level three

Double major sequence in geosciences (72 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• ESC2111 and ESC2122
• the remaining 48 points from the ESC units at level three

Requirements for honours in geosciences

• At least 24 points of ESC units at level three including 18 points from ESC3162, ESC3190, ESC3201, ESC3232, ESC3311, ESC3332, ESC3421 or ESC3900.

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

First year students studying geosciences should include the 12-point combination ESC1011/ENV1011 and ESC1022 along with SCI1020 (Introduction to statistical reasoning) or STA1010 (Statistical methods for science), and at least one of chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, computational science or geographical science. Students aiming to specialise in palaeontology should also take units from biological sciences. Similarly those with interests in environmental science are advised to take two of biology, chemistry and geographical science, while those with interests in geophysics are advised to take physics and/or mathematics.

ESC1011 is of interest to students seeking a broad overview of earth and environmental sciences. ESC1022 provides a continued overview of geosciences, in particular the processes that have shaped the Earth's crust through its evolution.

Both ESC1011/ENV1011 and ESC1022 have one-day field trips to sites of geological significance.

Level two

In the second year of the geosciences curriculum, students will gain a firm understanding of global-scale geological processes, including plate tectonics, mountain building and sedimentation, mineral science, and volcanism. In addition to lecture and laboratory-based exercises, students will participate in several field-based activities that will sharpen their skills of data collection and interpretation of both small and large-scale geological structures.

In ESC2111, students will learn to interpret past geo-tectonic environments by deciphering stratigraphic and structural elements preserved in mountain belts and sedimentary basins. Because most of our planet is made of minerals, students will delve increasingly into the relationships between the structure, chemistry, physical and optical properties of minerals in ESC2122. Students will explore these concepts through laboratory exercises on crystal morphology and symmetry, optical mineralogy, and electron microscopy. An introduction to groundwater movement and quality emphasising its use and abuse by humans is also treated in ESC2122. Groundwater topics include predicting flow patterns, interactions with surface water, well drilling and pumping, groundwater contamination and remediation, and distribution of groundwater resources throughout Australia.

Students planning to complete a major in geosciences are required to complete ESC2111 and ESC2122.

At least one other coherent package of 12 points at level two from another area of study (chemistry, physics, mathematics and statistics, biological sciences, computational science, geographical science) should be taken.

ESC2111 and ESC2122 are also available to students wishing to take them as independent units to support other studies. Students not intending to proceed to level-three studies in geosciences may take any combination of level-two geosciences units.

Geophysics involves the application of physics, mathematics and computer methods to the investigation of the Earth's interior. Students who intend to major in geosciences are strongly advised to discuss their program with relevant members of staff.

Level three

The level-three program in geosciences consists of several 6-point units in geology, geophysics and environmental geosciences that may be taken in any combination depending on the student's interests and the units completed at level two. Students interested in continuing with geosciences at honours or master's level or becoming professional geologists, geophysicists or environmental geoscientists should take 48 points of level three geoscience units. Students wishing to undertake honours in geosciences must complete at least 24 points of level three ESC units, including 18 points from ESC3162, ESC3190, ESC3201, ESC3232, ESC3311, ESC3332, ESC3421 or ESC3900. Students wishing to complete a major in geosciences but not to progress to honours may take any combination of level three ESC units. Students should choose units with regard to their interests, experience and future aspirations. Advice on suitable combinations of units for various geosciences streams is available from the School of Geosciences and all students are urged to seek advice before choosing sequences of units. Students interested in the geosciences project unit (ESC3200) must obtain permission from the third-year coordinator before enrolling.

Students interested in geophysics should combine the level three units ESC3311 and ESC3332 with other level-three units from geosciences, mathematics or physics.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in immunology (24 points)

• BIO1022 and one of CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• IMM2011 and IMM2022

Major sequence in immunology (48 points)

• BIO1022 and one of CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• IMM2011 and IMM2022
• IMM3031, IMM3042, IMM3051 and one of IMM3062 or IMM3990

Major sequence in human pathology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and one of DEV2022* or IMM2022*
• HUP3011* and HUP3022
• two of DEV3022*, BCH3021, BCH3042, HUP3990, IMM3042*, MIC3022*, MIC3032* or MIC3041*

Major sequence in immunology and human pathology (48 points)

• BIO1022 and one of CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• IMM2011 and IMM2022
• HUP3011*, HUP3022, and two of IMM3031, IMM3042, IMM3051, IMM3062, IMM3990 or HUP3990 (but only one of IMM3062, IMM3990 and HUP3990 can be taken)

Double major sequence in immunology and microbiology (72 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022, or 12 points of level one chemistry
• IMM2011, IMM2022, MIC2011 and MIC2022
• IMM3031, IMM3042, and one of IMM3051, IMM3062 or IMM3990
• MIC3032, MIC3041, and one of MIC3011, MIC3022 or MIC3990

Details of the BCH, DEV, GEN, MIC, MOL and PHY units, and some related sequences, are described in thebiochemistry and molecular biologybiochemistry and molecular biology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/biochemistry-and-molecular-biology/), developmental biologydevelopmental biology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/developmental-biology/), geneticsgenetics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/genetics/), microbiologymicrobiology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/microbiology/) and physiologyphysiology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/microbiology/) entries in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

* Note: These units have additional prerequisites that are not included in the sequence.

Requirements for honours in immunology and medical biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are immunology or biochemistry, developmental biology, human pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units.

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students who have completed other majors may be eligible with approval of the head of school.

Additional information

Level two

An introduction to immunity and the immune system is offered through the semester one, level two unit (IMM2011). A second semester unit (IMM2022) provides students with exposure to key areas of immunity and the role that the immune system plays in health and disease. Together, these units provide a foundation in immunology leading into level three units or grounding in immunological principles that may be useful across many areas of biological science.

Level three

The Department of Immunology offers five immunology units at level three. In each semester, students can take one theory-based immunology unit (IMM3031/IMM3042) and one practical-based unit (IMM3051/IMM3062) or research-based unit (IMM3990). Together, these units provide an excellent coverage of all aspects of immunology, and students will be well equipped to undertake a career in research, applied or diagnostic immunology.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Major sequence in marine and freshwater biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2011 and at least one of BIO2181 or BIO2231
• BIO3021 and BIO3122, and the remaining one or two units from BIO3011, BIO3082 or BIO3111

Requirements for honours in marine and freshwater biology

• BIO3011, BIO3021, BIO3122 and a relevant 6-point level-three unit.

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying marine and freshwater biology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the biological processes that living organisms undergo, as well as the environmental challenges and biological solutions that are fundamental to life. This knowledge enables a deeper understanding of the ecological processes and structure and function of plants and animals in aquatic systems that are encountered in later years of study.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Richard Reina

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2011 which will introduce the principles of ecological relationships between living organisms. In addition, BIO2231 and/or BIO2181 must be completed in order to gain an understanding of the diversity of animals and plants in our world, many of which inhabit aquatic environments. All of these units have a focus on practical work to complement lecture material. Skills in these practical aspects are important for study of marine and freshwater biology at a more advanced level.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Richard Reina

The final year of the marine and freshwater biology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels and continues it in BIO3021 and BIO3122 both of which are required for the major. In these units students examine the marine and freshwater environments in greater detail, to understand the cycling of nutrients, ecological relationships, plant and animal biology, trophic structure and interspecific interactions in these aquatic systems. There is particular focus on fieldwork, with the practical component of both of these units involving project work to design experiments, collect and analyse data. This fieldwork includes tropical marine biology at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, temperate marine biology at Queenscliff, Victoria and freshwater ecology in streams and rivers of central and eastern Victoria. One or two other level three units must be included in the major, chosen from BIO3011, BIO3082 and BIO3111.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in materials science (24 points)

• two of ENG1050, PHS1011 (or PHS1080), PHS1022, CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• MTE2541 and MTE2542

Major sequence in materials science (48 points)

• a minor sequence in materials science
• four units from MTE2544, MTE2548, MTE3541, MTE3542, MTE3545, MTE3547, with at least 18 points at level three

Requirements for honours in materials science

• Distinction level average in 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which at least 18 points are materials science units

Additional information

A major in materials science can be combined with a wide range of other majors, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, or another option. For example, students with an interest in biomaterials may choose to combine materials science with a physiology major. A materials science major commences at level two. A major in materials science will equip graduates with the skills and attributes necessary to commence a career in areas as varied as the development of a new process or product, fundamental research, or work in industrial production facilities. The program provides a broad foundation in all areas of materials, recognising the diverse future careers of graduates given the above-mentioned broad variety of other majors possible.

Level two

The three level-two units have no formal prerequisite requirements from level one but students must have successfully completed at least 36 points of units at level one before they may enrol in any science unit at level two. It is recommended that at least one mathematics units is undertaken at level two. MTE2541 and MTE2542 are core units, as outlined above.

Level three

Four 6-point units are offered at level three, and these generally comprise lectures, tutorials and a practical session.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in mathematics and modelling (24 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and STA1010
• MAT2731 and one of ENV2792, MAT2742 or STA2216

Requirements for honours in mathematics

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally mathematics units

Note: Level three mathematics units and an honours program in mathematics are only available on the Clayton campus.

Additional information

The mathematics and modelling minor sequence combines well with all science sequences, assisting students to develop skills in logic and analytical thinking as well as providing specific skills in problem solving, modelling and data analysis.

First level units provide essential foundation knowledge for upper level studies. Students may then select second level units according to their needs and interests. Students planning to take third level mathematics units offered from the Clayton campus must include MTH1030 at first level and MTH2010 at second level.

The units MTH1035 and MTH2015 are advanced versions of MTH1030 and MTH2010, respectively. For the purpose of sequence requirements listed below, MTH1030 and MTH2010 can be replaced by their corresponding advanced version.

Minor sequence in mathematics (24 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830, MTH1000 or STA1010
• MTH2010 (if not already taken at level one)
• the remaining 6 or 12 points from MTH2021, MTH2032, MTH2121, MTH2140 and MTH2222

Minor sequence in statistics (24 points)

• MTH1030 and MTH2010
• MTH2222 and MTH2232

Major sequence in mathematics (48 points)

• a minor sequence in mathematics
• MTH2021 (if not already completed)
• at least one of MTH3011, MTH3051, MTH3110, MTH3140
• the remaining 12 or 18 points from the MTH units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Double major sequence in mathematics (72 points)

• a major sequence in mathematics
• the remaining 24 points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Major sequence in applied mathematics (48 points)

• completion of a minor sequence in mathematics that includes MTH2032
• MTH2021 (if not already taken)
• at least three units from MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060, MTH3310, MTH3360, ASP3012, ASP3051 or ATM3050 including at least two of MTH3011, MTH3051, MTH3060 and MTH3310
• any remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above

Double major sequence in applied mathematics (72 points)

• a minor sequence in mathematics that includes MTH2032
• MTH2021 (if not already taken)
• at least six units (36pts) from MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060, MTH3310, MTH3360, ASP3012, ASP3051, ATM3040, ATM3050 or MTH3251 including at least three (18pts) of MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060 and MTH3310
• any remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above

Major sequence in pure mathematics (48 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830 or MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already taken at level one) and MTH2021
• MTH2140 or MTH3140, and MTH2121 or MTH3121
• the remaining 12 or 18 points from MTH2222, MTH3110, MTH3150, MTH3160, MTH3011, MTH3020 and MTH3230
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Double major sequence in pure mathematics (72 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830 or MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already taken at level one) and MTH2021
• MTH2140 or MTH3140, and MTH2121 or MTH3121
• the remaining points from MTH2222, MTH3000, MTH3110, MTH3150, MTH3160, MTH3011, MTH3020 and MTH3230
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Major sequence in mathematical statistics (48 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2222, MTH2232, and one of MTH2010, MTH2021 or MTH2140 (MTH2010 must be included if not already taken in level one)
• three units from ETC3400, ETC3420, MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251, including at least two of MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251

Double major sequence in mathematics and mathematical statistics (72 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed in level one), MTH2222, MTH2232
• any three of ETC3400, MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251
• the remaining units from level two and level three units listed above
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Double major sequence in financial and insurance mathematics (72 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed in level one), MTH2222, MTH2232
• ETC3400, ETC3460, MTH3230, MTH3241, MTH3251 and at least one of ETC3420 or ETC3530
• the remaining points from level two and level three units ETC2410, MTH2021, MTH2140, ETC3420, ETC3530, MTH3011, MTH3051 and MTH3060

Requirements for honours in mathematics and statistics

• 24 points of relevant level three mathematics and statistics units, of which normally 18 points are relevant to the project

Additional information

There are many possible combinations of mathematics units and strong prerequisite requirements on mathematics sequences. Students considering completing a sequence in mathematics or statistics are advised to determine the prerequisites for any higher-level units in their area of interest before finalising their choice of units and may seek the assistance of the relevant coordinator. As a general rule, it is advisable to choose a set of units at any level that leave several options open at higher levels.

Level one

Level one mathematics units are provided for students from a wide variety of backgrounds, from those who have not studied mathematics at VCE level to those who have completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4. It is recommended that all science students should include some level-one mathematics units in their course, particularly those who have not completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4.

The units MTH1010, MTH1020 and MTH1030 are provided in support of other science disciplines, as well as preparation for further studies in mathematics. They should be taken sequentially commencing from a point that depends on a student's previous studies in mathematics, for example by their level of preparation from VCE level. MTH2010 is available to students at both first and second level who have completed MTH1030, including first-year students who have taken MTH1030 in their first semester. Further details of recommended mathematics sequences are provided below.

The units STA1010, MAT1830 and MTH1000 in combination with MTH1030 can form part of a mathematics sequence at level one, but any student who is considering completing a minor or major sequence in mathematics may limit their options at higher years if MTH1030 is not taken in their first year. STA1010 is designed specifically as a service unit in data analysis and statistics for students intending to major in other disciplines, particularly in psychology and the life sciences, as well as forming part of the normal statistics sequence. MAT1830 is a specialist mathematics unit but it also has a service role, being recommended for students of computer science.

The School of Mathematical Sciences also offers the unit ASP1022, described in the astronomy and astrophysicsastronomy and astrophysics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/astronomy-and-astrophysics/) entry in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Recommended level-one mathematics sequences

For students who have completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4 with an average grade of C or above in the written examination components, the recommended mathematics level one sequence is MTH1020 and MTH1030.

For students who have completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4 with an average grade of B or above in the written examination components, the recommended level one mathematics sequence is MTH1030 and MTH2010. These students may also choose to take MAT1830 or STA1010 instead of MTH2010 in their first year.

For other students, the recommended level-one mathematics units are MTH1010 and MTH1020.

Students not intending to take any level-two mathematics units may choose any one of the above recommended sequences or replace the second unit in any of the sequences by STA1010.

It is recommended that Bachelor of Science students complete SCI1020 prior to STA1010 if they have not completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4 or achieved at least an average grade of B or above in the written examination components of VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4.

The units MTH1035 and MTH2015 are advanced versions of MTH1030 and MTH2010 and are intended to provide challenge to high achieving students. These units replace MTH1030 and MTH2010 in the minors and majors listed above.

MTH1000 is also designed for high achieving students. The objective of this unit is to allow high achieving students to complement their core first year mathematics units with studies in some areas of exciting new developments in mathematics

Level two

It is strongly recommended that students enrolling in any level-two mathematics units read the requirements of their desired major sequence(s) carefully to ensure that those units can be counted towards that sequence, and that any prerequisite requirements at level three will have been satisfied. Further advice and assistance on this matter can be obtained from either the relevant coordinator (listed above) or the Faculty of Science Student Academic Services officeStudent Academic Services office (http://monash.edu/science/current/undergraduate/help/).

Students intending to undertake a major sequence in applied mathematics are recommended to complete MTH2032 in their second year of enrolment, along with either MTH2010 (if not already taken) or MTH2021.

The unit MTH2222 covers the theoretical material needed to complete a major sequence in mathematical statistics. It is only offered in second semester, so students who wish to complete MTH2222 and who have not completed MTH2010 or MTH2021 by the end of the first semester must take MTH2010 concurrently with MTH2222.

The unit MTH2000 (Mathematics research project level 2) is normally only available to students in course 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program), or by permission of the head of school.

The School of Applied Sciences and Engineering also offers some level-two mathematics and statistics units at the Gippsland campus and through off-campus learning.

Level three

It is strongly recommended that students enrolling in any level-three mathematics units read the requirements of their desired major sequence(s) carefully to ensure that those units can be counted towards that sequence, and that all other requirements will have been satisfied. Further advice and assistance on this matter can be obtained from either the relevant coordinator (listed above) or the Faculty of Science Student Academic Services officeStudent Academic Services office (http://monash.edu/science/current/undergraduate/help/).

The School of Mathematical Sciences offers a broad range of mathematics units at level three. Many of these units are intended for non-specialist third-level studies in mathematics. Specialist unit areas include algebra, analysis and geometry, applied and computational mathematics, mathematical statistics and probability, astrophysics, atmospheric science and fluid dynamics.

Students intending to undertake a major sequence in applied mathematics who have not already completed MTH2021 should normally take that unit in their third year of enrolment.

The unit MTH3000 (Mathematics research project level 3) is normally only available to students in the Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research) or Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program), or by permission of the head of school.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Major sequence in medical bioscience (48 points)

• one of CHM1011 or CHM1051, and one of BIO1011 or BIO1722
• BTH2741 and two of ANT2331, BTH2732, BTH2752, MIC2011, PHY2032, or PHY2042
• BTH3741 and two of BTH3722, BTH3752, IMM3802, MBS3010, MBS3990, or PHA3801

Double major sequence in medical bioscience (72 points)

• one of CHM1011 or CHM1051, and one of BIO1011 or BIO1722
• ANT2331, BTH2732, BTH2741 and one of BTH2752, MIC2011, PHY2032, or PHY2042
• BTH3741 and BTH3752 and four of BTH3722, IMM3802, MBS3010, MBS3990, PHA3801, or SCI3716

Requirements for honours in medical bioscience

• 24 points of relevant level-three units from the list above

Additional information

The medical bioscience sequence combines well with the microbiology sequence for those seeking employment in medical diagnostics or research. Students seeking employment in the education sector will find that a combination of the medical bioscience sequence with the ecology and environmental sequence provides an excellent background for primary educators, while a combination of the medical bioscience sequence with chemistry or mathematics sequences is especially useful for secondary educators.

Students with a strong interest in this area should also consider course 3522 Bachelor of Science (Medical Bioscience).

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in medical bioscience.

Minor sequence in pharmacology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• PHA2022 and one of PHY2011 or PHY2042, or both PHA3011 and PHA3021

Major sequence in pharmacology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• two of PHA2022, PHY2011, PHY2032, or PHY2042
• PHA3011 and PHA3021, and two of PHA3032, PHA3042 or PHA3990

Details of the PHY units, and some related sequences, are described in the physiologyphysiology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/physiology/) entry in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Requirements for honours in pharmacology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are pharmacology or biochemistry, chemistry, developmental biology, human pathology, immunology, microbiology and physiology units.

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students who have completed other majors may be eligible with approval of the head of school.

Additional information

Level two

The Department of Pharmacology offers one 6-point unit - PHA2022 - at level two. This unit is of interest to all students taking biomedical science units (physiology, biochemistry, developmental biology, microbiology) but also as an adjunct to a degree in law or psychology. PHA2022 is not a compulsory prerequisite for further study in pharmacology but is highly recommended.

The prerequisites for PHA3011 and PHA3021 are normally an adequate performance in two units of physiology and pharmacology at level two. Units studied at level two may also include biochemistry or chemistry.

Students planning to complete major sequences in both physiology and pharmacology must take all three level-two physiology units and PHA2022.

Level three

The first semester units, PHA3011 and PHA3021, lay the foundations for understanding how drugs act and the use of drugs to treat disease; PHA3011 is a prerequisite for all second-semester units offered by the school. In second semester students may elect to take any combination of the three units PHA3032, PHA3042 and PHA3990. These units may be combined with units in other disciplines such as any of the biological/medical disciplines, chemistry or law.

Students intending to proceed to honours in pharmacology must complete at least 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are pharmacology units.

Honours

Coordinator:Associate Professor Robert Widdop

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in physics (24 points)

• either PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022
• two of PHS2011, PHS2022, ASP2011.

Major sequence in physics (48 points)

• either PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022
• PHS2011 and PHS2022
• the remaining units (to complete 48 points) including at least 18 points of level three units from physics (PHS), with no more than one research project (PHS3350 or PHS3360). One of ASP3231, MTE3545 or MTE3547 may be included if four units are required at level three; ASP2011 may be taken at level two.

Double major sequence in physics (72 points)

• a major sequence in physics
• the remaining units (to complete 72 points) including at least 36 points of PHS units at level three (with ASP3222 as an alternative to PHS3062); additional units may include ASP3231, level three mathematics units approved by the physics level three coordinator, or one of MTE3545 or MTE3547.

Note that physics units have mathematics pre-requisites. PHS2011 has MTH1030 as a prerequisite; PHS2022 has MTH2010 as a prerequisite; level three units (PHS3031, PHS3042, PHS3051, PHS3062, PHS3131 and PHS3142) have MTH2010 and MTH2032 as pre-requisites. Details of the ASP and MTE units, and related sequences, are described in the astronomy and astrophysicsastronomy and astrophysics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/astronomy-and-astrophysics/) and materials sciencematerials science (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/materials-science/) entries in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Requirements for honours in physics

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are PHS units

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

The mainstream sequence PHS1011 and PHS1022 covers foundational topics in physics over two semesters, providing a balance between a theoretical understanding of physics along with practical applications and experimental physics. These units follow a mathematical approach and use calculus. Students are required to have passed VCE year 12 Physics (or equivalent), or do PHS1080 in place of PHS1011. Mainstream physics is normally taken by students with interests in physics, mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry, computational science, those with a general interest in the nature of the universe, and those doing science/engineering double degrees. For PHS1011, MTH1020 or MTH1030 are recommended co-requisites. PHS1022 has a prerequisite of VCE Specialist Mathematics or MTH1020, with MTH1030 as a recommended co-requisite (to enable students to proceed to level two physics).

Foundation physics PHS1080 is suitable for students with no year 12 Physics who wish to understand the basic principles of physics. It specifically prepares students for entering PHS1022 in semester two and for continuing in physics or astronomy-astrophysics beyond level one.

PHS1031 and PHS1042 are specifically designed for students interested in biomedical and environmental disciplines respectively. There is an emphasis on applications of physics principles in a range of relevant situations. These units can be undertaken by students with no previous physics experience and do not require calculus. However they do not provide students with a suitable foundation for further studies in physics or in areas based on physics.

PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022 are required to enter the level two physics units PHS2011 and PHS2022. Students with alternative semester-one physics may be enrolled in level two physics at the discretion of the level coordinator. Students continuing to level two physics should ensure that they do the required mathematics (at least MTH1030 in level one).

The school also offers ASP1010 (Earth to cosmos - introductory astronomy) at level one. Any level one physics unit provides a basic foundation to do level two astronomy and astrophysics. See the 'astronomy and astrophysics' entry for details.

Level two

The units PHS2011 and PHS2022 develop key areas of physics including quantum physics, condensed matter physics, electromagnetism, optics, atomic and nuclear physics, and statistical physics. Many key concepts are linked via appropriate applications. MTH1030 is a prerequisite for PHS2011 and MTH2010 is a pre-requisite for PHS2022.

Students intending to proceed to level three physics (including theoretical physics) must complete the units PHS2011 and PHS2022, and should also take MTH2032. In addition, ASP2011 complements the mainstream physics units and provides a background for students who wish to take level three astrophysics units. For information on astronomy and astrophysics including the observatory facilities at the Clayton campus, refer to the astronomy and astrophysicsastronomy and astrophysics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2014handbooks/aos/astronomy-and-astrophysics/) entry in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Level three

The School of Physics offers a range of level three units that cover classical mechanics and field theory, relativistic particles and fields, quantum mechanics, advanced quantum mechanics, seminars in theoretical physics, scattering and spectroscopy, condensed matter physics, statistical physics, nuclear physics, fundamental particle physics, electrodynamics and photonics. In addition, the school offers units in observational astronomy and astrophysics. All level three physics units require MTH2010 and MTH2032. PHS3031 is essential for any student considering doing honours in physics. A physics research project unit (PHS3350) may be taken by a qualified student wishing to do independent work, subject to approval by the school towards a physics major, or two research project units for a double major.

Level three physics units normally consist of two series of 12 one-hour lectures, a further 12 hours of tutorial/workshops, and an average of 2.5 hours of laboratory per week or one-hour seminar work per week for theoretical units.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in plant sciences (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• two of BIO2181, BIO2282, BIO3082 or BIO3091*

Major sequence in plant sciences (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2181 and BIO2282
• BIO3091 and BIO3082, and two of BIO2022, BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111, BIO3820, GEN3030* or GEN3040*

* This unit has compulsory level-one and/or level-two prerequisites beyond those units listed at level two.

Requirements for honours in plant sciences

• BIO3011, BIO3091 and BIO3082, and a 6-point level-three unit listed above

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying plant sciences will take BIO1011 plus BIO1042 and/or BIO1022 in their first year. The focus in first year is to provide basic knowledge of the structure and evolution of plants, their cellular and molecular composition, genetics from the scale of molecule to population, and some fundamentals of physiology and ecology that assist in understanding plant adaptations to the environment.

Level two

Coordinator: Professor John Beardall

Students planning to complete a major sequence must study BIO2181 and BIO2282 before proceeding to level three plant sciences. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major. Alternatively, completion of the level two plant science units after a sequence in biology at first year can comprise a minor in plant sciences. Level two plant sciences builds upon studies at first year to examine the diversity and evolutionary development of plants in more detail. It starts by focusing on key features of the different plant groups and the implications of evolutionary developments for the spread and diversification of particular groups. Students examine the implications of autotrophy and being sessile, and how these factors have shaped differences in function and behaviour of plants compared with animals. Aspects of plant function and structure are then investigated in detail, including uptake and transport of nutrients and water, gas exchange and assimilation processes, and reproduction, and how these are modified in the short-term and in the long-term by environmental factors.

Teaching of these units involves a combination of lectures and practical activities, including plant identification and investigation of live plants and their structure and function in the laboratory, glasshouse and in the field.

Level three

Coordinator: Professor John Beardall

The third year of plant sciences builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier years and continues it in BIO3091 and BIO3082. These units focus first on understanding the characteristics of Australian plant species and plant communities, and the factors that have shaped their development and distribution. The emphasis then shifts to focus on plant development, how it is controlled by environmental signals, and the way that plant growth and productivity respond to environmental factors such as light and temperature, or to stresses like drought and salinisation. These are discussed at scales ranging from molecular changes in gene expression to effects on communities. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with some time spent in the field seeing plants in action. Both units are required for completion of the plant sciences major, along with one or two from a range of other units offered by the school, including BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111, BIO3820, GEN3030 and GEN3040. Several of these level three units have other prerequisites at second year that do not contribute to the major or minor sequences in plant sciences.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in psychology (24 points)

• PSY1011 and PSY1022
• PSY2051 and one of PSY2031, PSY2042

Major sequence in psychology (48 points)

• PSY1011 and PSY1022
• PSY2051 and at least one level-two PSY unit
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from the PSY units at level three

Students wishing to gain accreditation by the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council (APAC) or apply for entry into fourth-year courses in psychology must complete 60 points of PSY units including the following nine units: PSY1011, PSY1022, PSY2031, PSY2042, PSY2051, PSY3041, PSY3051, PSY3032 and PSY3062, and one elective PSY unit at level two or three. The additional PSY units required for professional accreditation are above the requirements of a major sequence in course 0050 Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in tropical biology (24 points)

• BIO1022 and ENV1800
• BIO2810 or ENV2726
• BIO3810 or BIO3820

Major sequence in tropical biology (48 points)

• BIO1022 and ENV1800
• BIO2810 and ENV2726
• BIO3810 and BIO3820, and two of STA2216, BIO3800 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in tropical biology

• STA2216, and 18 points of relevant level three units chosen from the list above

Additional information

Honours

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Minor sequence in veterinary bioscience (24 points)

• BIO1711 and ENV1711
• BIO2710 and BIO2731 or ENV2712

Major sequence in veterinary bioscience (48 points)

• BIO1711 and ENV1711
• BIO2710 and ENV2712, and BIO2731 or MIC2011
• three of BIO3132, BIO3712, BTH3722 and BTH3741

Requirements for honours in veterinary bioscience

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally units listed above

Additional information

First level BIO and ENV units provide essential foundation knowledge for upper level studies. The ENV units highlight relevant aspects of plant-animal interactions and, together with the first and second level BIO units, provide background knowledge essential for the third level BIO units addressing vertebrate biology and animal behaviour; particularly relevant for students with an interest in animal management. Students will be exposed to examples and case studies that demonstrate application of the scientific method to current animal health and management issues of global importance.

The veterinary bioscience sequence combines well with the ecology and environmental sequences, for students interested in wildlife ecology, or with the applied biochemistry and applied microbiology sequences, for students interested in animal biotechnology.

Students with a strong interest in animal science should also consider course 3541 Bachelor of Science (Veterinary Bioscience).

Minor sequence in zoology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• two of BIO2231, BIO2242, BIO3052 or BIO3132

Major sequence in zoology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2231 and BIO2242
• BIO3052, BIO3132, and either 12 points of BIO or GEN units at level three, or BIO2022 and one BIO or GEN unit at level three

Requirements for honours in zoology

• BIO3011, BIO3052, BIO3132 and a relevant 6-point level-three unit listed above

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying zoology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the structure and evolution of animals, their cellular and molecular composition, some fundamentals of ecology and the metabolic and homeostatic systems that enable them to survive. Examples are drawn from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrae animals to illustrate and explain the principles of animal design and function.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Dave Chapple

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2231 and BIO2242 before proceeding to level three zoology. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major. Alternatively, completion of the level two zoology units can comprise a minor in the zoology area of study. Level two zoology builds upon first year to examine the diversity and evolutionary development of animals in more detail, and comprehensively investigates the distinguishing features of the different animal groups. There is further development of the themes of homeostasis through the physiological systems of circulation, excretion and respiration. Students also examine how animals move using locomotory structures in different environments, how they obtain and process nutrition and the variety of reproductive strategies they use. The teaching in the units available at level two is a combination of lectures and practical activities, including laboratory sessions examining live animals and prepared specimens of different kinds. Skills in animal identification and functional anatomy are also gained through hands-on practical activities.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Dave Chapple

The final year of the zoology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels and continues it in BIO3052 and BIO3132. In these units we investigate animal communication, development of behaviour, behavioural ecology and the way in which vertebrate animals deal with the environmental challenges of living in the Australian habitat. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with some time spent in the field seeing animals in action. Both units are required for completion of the zoology major, along with one or two from a variety of other units offered by the school, including BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111 and BIO3122.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced (Research)
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.