Areas of study by faculty: Science

Minor in astrophysics (24 points)

• At least two of ASP1010, ASP1022, MTH1020, MTH1030, PHS1011, PHS1080 or PHS1022
• ASP2011 and ASP2062

The level two units have the additional prerequisites of 6 points of level-one physics and MTH1030 (Techniques for modelling) or equivalent.

Major in astrophysics (48 points)

• a minor in mathematics or physics
• ASP2062, ASP3012 and ASP3051
• at least one of ASP3222, ASP3231, or MTH3360

The core unit ASP2062 has the additional prerequisite of 6 points of level-one physics, and ASP3012 has the additional prerequisite of MTH2032 (Differential equations with modelling). Level two physics units are highly recommended.

The unit ASP3222 has additional prerequisites of PHS2011 (Physics: Quantum concepts and technologies) and PHS2022 (Physics: Electromagnetism, light and entropy), and the unit ASP3231 has prerequisites of ASP2011 or PHS2011 or PHS2022.

Requirements for honours in astrophysics

• 24 points of level-three units, of which normally 18 points are astrophysics units.

Additional information

Level one

The two first-level astronomy units ASP1010 and ASP1022 are descriptive and introductory and are accessible to students with no prerequisites.

Students considering a minor in astrophysics should complete at least 6 points of first-year physics and MTH1030 or equivalent.

Students considering taking a major in astrophysics should complete PHS1011 and PHS1022 and at least 12 points of mathematics units at level one, normally MTH1020 (Analysis of change) and MTH1030 or equivalent. Students may also find it advantageous to include some chemistry, computational science or geosciences units, depending on their particular interests.

Level two

The unit ASP2011 is taught by the School of Physics and Astronomy, which operates its own observatories at the Clayton campus. ASP2062 is a core unit in the astrophysics major and should be taken at level three if not taken at level two. Students intending to take 24 points of astrophysics at level three must have completed at least 12 points of mathematics and at least 6 points of physics at level two. The mathematics units completed must include MTH2010 and MTH2032; MTH3051 is also strongly recommended. The minimum physics requirement is PHS2011, which is a modern physics unit built around quantum physics taught in the context of atomic, molecular and condensed matter physics. However, it is preferable for students to take 12 points of physics comprising PHS2011 and PHS2022, especially if they are more interested in the observational or instrumental aspects of astrophysics. This is because this combination of units provides a good grounding in quantum concepts, electronics principles and optics, all of which are important in astronomy and astrophysics.

Level three

It is expected that students taking astrophysics at level three will combine the sequence primarily with either 24 points of mathematics (for those intending to follow theoretical astrophysics) or with 24 points of physics units (for those intending to follow a more observational or instrumentational approach) at level three. In either case, there is a core of 12 points at level three composed of the two units ASP3012 and ASP3051. In addition, students must complete at least one of ASP3222, ASP3231 and MTH3360. Students who completed ASP2062 at level two would normally take MTH3360 and ASP3231. Students who still have to complete ASP2062 at level three would normally choose between MTH3360 (if inclined more to the theoretical) and ASP3231 (if inclined more to the observational). ASP3222 is for students who are not taking physics at level three and are inclined towards theoretical astrophysics.

Students intending to study theoretical astrophysics at honours level in the School of Physics and Astronomy are advised to include MTH3360 at level three and to gain some experience with numerical computation.

Students at third-year level and wishing to take astrophysics but who lack the appropriate physics prerequisites may be able to enrol in some of the ASP core units as part of their mathematics sequence (refer to the level three entry in the mathematics and statisticsmathematics and statistics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/mathematics-and-statistics/) area of study entry in this Handbook), however they should discuss this with the astrophysics coordinator at the earliest opportunity.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in atmospheric science (24 points)

• PHS1011 and PHS1022, or PHS1080 and PHS1022, or MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010
• two of ATM2020, ATM2030, ATS2776, or ATS2779

The level two units ATM2020 and ATM2030 have a pre-requisite of MTH1030.

Major in atmospheric science (48 points)

• a minor in atmospheric science
• at least two of ATM3040, ATM3050, ATS3558 or ATS3887
• any remaining points to be made up from MTH3051, MTH3230, MTH3360 or the level two or three ATM or ATS units listed above, with at least 18 points of level three units

MTH2010 and MTH2032 must also be completed as corequisites/prerequisites for some of the level three units.

Requirements for honours in atmospheric science

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are atmospheric science units

Additional information

Level one

Students considering taking a major in atmospheric science will need to complete a 12-point sequence of level-one mathematics (either MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010). Also, as atmospheric science is a broadly based discipline, a level one unit in either physics or chemistry is recommended.

Level two

Students considering taking a major in atmospheric science must complete the prerequisite mathematics unit MTH2010 and are strongly encouraged to take MTH2032 as well (as it is a prerequisite for MTH3360).

Level three

Students taking a major in atmospheric science should take at least two of ATM3040, ATM3050, ATS3558 and ATS3887, although some substitution is allowed with the approval of the coordinator.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor sequence in applied biochemistry (24 points)

• BIO1011 and CHM1051
• BTH2741 and one of BTH2752 or BTH2732

Major in applied biochemistry (48 points)

• BIO1011 and CHM1051
• BTH2741, BTH2732 and BTH2752
• BTH3741, BTH3752 and one of CHM3930 or SCI3990

Additional information

Level-one units provide essential foundation knowledge in chemistry and cell biology. Level-two units introduce in depth investigations of cellular biochemistry, cell metabolism and recombinant DNA technology which are extended at level three. The incorporation of project work at levels two and three enables students to develop key research skills.

Minor in biochemistry (24 points)

• Two of BIO1011, BIO1022, CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 and CHM1052
• BCH2011 and BCH2022

VCE Chemistry or at least a level-one unit in chemistry is recommended for level-two units.

Minor in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major in biochemistry (48 points)

• Two of BIO1011, BIO1022, CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 and CHM1052
• two of BCH2011, BCH2022, MOL2011 and MOL2022
• four of BCH3021, BCH3031, BCH3042, BCH3052 and BCH3990

Extended major in biochemistry (72 points)

• Two of BIO1011, BIO1022, CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 and CHM1052
• BCH2011, BCH2022, MOL2011 and MOL2022
• four of BCH3021, BCH3031, BCH3042, BCH3052 and BCH3990
• two of BCH3021, BCH3031, BCH3042, BCH3052, BCH3990, DEV2011, DEV2022, GEN3040, GEN3051*, IMM3031*, MIC3011, MIC3022 and MIC3032*

* These units have additional level two pre-requisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level two units listed.

Requirements for honours in biochemistry

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are biochemistry or developmental biology, human pathology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units.

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students who have completed other majors may be eligible with approval of the Head of School.

Additional information

Level two

Biochemistry is first offered as units at level two. For students who wish to complete a minor or major in biochemistry the level-two unit combinations BCH2011 and BCH2022, together with MOL2011 and MOL2022, are highly recommended.

MOL2011 and MOL2022 require the completion of BIO1011 and BIO1022 at level one.

Level three

Students who have completed two of BCH2011, BCH2022, MOL2011 and MOL2022 will have gained a firm foundation for studying any combination of the following 6-point units: BCH3021 and BCH3031 in first semester, and BCH3042 and BCH3052 in second semester, in addition to BCH3990 (either semester). Completion of at least four 6-point BCH units at level three offers maximum flexibility in choice for future studies in biochemistry. Students should discuss their interests and career plans with level-three unit coordinators to facilitate a choice of units that best suits their interests.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in a honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Major in biotechnology (48 points)

• BTH1802 and CHM1052
• two of BTH2741, BTH2732 or GEN2041
• SCI3716
• three units from BTH3711, BTH3752, BTH3820, GEN3040, GEN3051 and SCI3990

Extended major in biotechnology (72 points)

• BTH1802 and CHM1052
• two of BTH2741, BTH2732 or GEN2041
• SCI3716
• seven units from BTH2752, CHM2922, MIC2011, BTH3711, BTH3752, BTH3820, GEN3040, GEN3051 and SCI3990, with at least five units at level three

Honours requirements

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from level three units listed above

Additional information

In addition to the requirements for the sequences listed above, students completing a major or double major sequence in biotechnology may need to complete additional prerequisite units at levels one and two. Students should check the individual unit entries for the level two and three units in the Handbook when planning their selection of units.

Honours

Full details regarding entrance requirements and the course structure for honours are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in computational science (24 points)

• FIT1040 and FIT1029
• FIT2085 and one of FIT2004, FIT2014, or FIT3139

Major in computational science (48 points)

• FIT1040 and FIT1029
• FIT2085, FIT2004 and FIT2014
• FIT3139* and FIT3143
• one of FIT3036, FIT3042, FIT3080, FIT3088, FIT3140, or MTH3051

Extended major in computational science (72 points)

• FIT1040 and FIT1029
• FIT2085, FIT2004 and FIT2014
• FIT3139* and FIT3143
• five from FIT3036, FIT3042, FIT3080, FIT3088, FIT3140, and MTH3051

In addition to these requirements, students completing a major in computational science are required to have completed at least 12 points of mathematics units.

* Note that this unit has a pre-requisite of MTH1030 or MTH1035.

Requirements for honours in computational science

• 24 points of level three units, with a minimum of 18 points from the level three units listed above.

Additional information

Graduates who have completed at least the 48-point major in computational science are eligible for membership of the Australian Computer Society.

Level one

The sequence of FIT1029, which covers algorithmic problem solving, and FIT1040, which covers basic problem solving and programming skills, is highly recommended for all students, whether or not they intend to become computer scientists. The level-one units serve both as a general introduction to computer science and as a prerequisite for further studies. Thus they may be taken either by students wishing to major in computational science or by students whose major interest is in some other branch of science.

Students who are considering completing a major in computational science should also take at least 12 points of mathematics units.

Level two

The level-two unit FIT2085, which extends the programming and problem solving skills established at level-one, provides a more focused introduction to computer science. The other level-two units aim to develop a firm foundation in the fundamental concepts of computer science, namely algorithm development (FIT2004) and the theory of computation (FIT2014).

Level three

Students intending to complete a major in computational science must take FIT3139, which provides an introduction to computational science, and FIT3143 (Parallel computing), a topic highly relevant to computational science, plus one 6-point computer science elective.

FIT3139 (Computational science) is also recommended for all students of science, whether or not they intend to become computer scientists.

Students intending to proceed to honours should complete at least the 48-point computational science major to ensure they have sufficient breadth to undertake the honours coursework units offered each year.

Honours

Coordinator: Dr Alan Dorin (Clayton School of Information Technology)

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in developmental biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• DEV2011 and DEV2022

Minor in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major in developmental biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• DEV2011 and DEV2022
• DEV3011, DEV3022 and any two of DEV3032, DEV3990, BCH3021*, GEN3030* or BME3082

Note: MOL2011 is a recommended unit for all level three DEV units.

* This unit has compulsory level one and/or level two prerequisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level one and two units listed above.

Requirements for honours in anatomy and developmental biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are developmental biology or biochemistry, human pathology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Additional information

Level two

The prerequisite units for DEV2011 are BIO1011 or BIO1022.

In order to undertake DEV2022, it is necessary to undertake DEV2011.

MOL2011 is a recommended unit for all level-three DEV units.

Level three

The prerequisite units for the third year units DEV3011 and DEV3032 are DEV2011 and DEV2022.

DEV3011 is a prerequisite for DEV3022.

In order to undertake DEV3990, 12 points of study in the discipline area at second year level and a distinction over 24 points at second year level is required or, under extraordinary circumstances, by permission of the unit convenor or head of department.

BCH3021 and GEN3030 have additional prerequisites at level one and/or level two which are not part of the major sequence in developmental biology.

Honours

Coordinator: Associate Professor M. Jane Black

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in ecology and conservation biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• any two of BIO2011, BIO2040, BIO2022, BIO3011, BIO3070 or BIO3111

Major in ecology and conservation biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2011, BIO2040 and BIO2022
• BIO3011, BIO3070 and BIO3111

Extended major in ecology and conservation biology (72 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2011, BIO2040, BIO2022 and BIO2060
• one of BIO2181, BIO2231, BIO3990, GEN3062** or GEN3990**
• BIO3011**, BIO3070 and BIO3111
• two of BIO3021, BIO3820* or any level three BIO unit

* Note that this unit has a strict quota.

** These units have additional level two pre-requisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level one or two units listed.

Requirements for honours in ecology and conservation biology

• BIO3011, BIO3070 and BIO3111, and one relevant 6-point level three unit listed above.

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner/Professor Paul Sunnucks

Students studying ecology and conservation biology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the structure and evolution of animals, their cellular and molecular composition and the fundamentals of patterns and processes in ecological systems. Examples are drawn from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate animals to illustrate and explain the participants in ecological communities and their interactions with the environment.

Students must complete a level one statistics unit (SCI1020 or STA1010) which is a pre-requisite for BIO3011.

Level two

Coordinator: Professor Paul Sunnucks

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2011, BIO2040 and BIO2022 before proceeding to level three ecology and conservation biology. Students planning to complete an extended major sequence must complete BIO2011, BIO2040, BIO2022, BIO2060 plus BIO2181 or BIO2231, BIO3990, GEN3062 or GEN3990 before proceeding to level three ecology and conservation biology. BIO3011 is a pre-requisite of honours in the are of study and, along with BIO2060, is highly recommended for all students for provision of skills and knowledge for quantitative analysis that is of broad use and in high demand by most types of employer of students with biology degrees. Level two ecology and conservation biology builds upon first year to examine patterns of biodiversity and the underpinning processes, and ecosystem processes that occur in natural food webs. A strong emphasis is placed on developing the core understanding of plant and animal taxa that make up biodiversity, and the ecological and evolutionary principles that underpin their occurrence and interactions. Conservation biology emphasises the application of ecological principles and modern evolutionary genetic and genomic approaches to manage species of conservation influence. The teaching in the units available at level two is a combination of lectures and practical activities, including field exercises and laboratory sessions examining live organisms and prepared specimens. Skills in taxonomic identification are also gained through hands-on practical activities. The four core level two units plus an option from second or third levels are required for completion of the ecology and conservation biology extended major.

Level three

Coordinator: Professor Paul Sunnucks

The final year of the ecology and conservation biology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels. BIO3011 and BIO3070 emphasise the practical skills needed to study ecological systems effectively, complemented by practical examples in BIO3111. The core units draw heavily on real examples from conservation and emphasise how the ecological principles taught in second year can be applied to addressing issues of conservation concern. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with time spent in the field directly assessing patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function. The three core units are required for completion of the ecology and conservation biology major. The three core units plus two options are required for completion of the ecology and conservation biology extended major.

Note that recommended course streamsrecommended course streams (http://monash.edu/science/about/schools/biological-sciences/units/ecology-and-conservation-biology_streams.html) with ecology and conservation biology as a major are available.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Extended major in environmental science (72 points)

• ATS1309 and BIO1042
• ATS2548*, BIO2040, BIO2011 and ENV2022
• BIO3111, BIO3070, ENV3022 and either ATS3259 or ATS3552
• two of ATS3545, ATS3546, ATS3553, ATS3554, ATS3788, ATS3791, BIO3082, BIO3091 and ATS3259 or ATS3552 (if not already completed in other requirements)

* This unit has an additional pre-requisite at level one that needs to be taken in addition to the units listed.

Additional information

Level one

In their first year, students studying environmental science will take BIO1042 and ATS1309. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge to understand the global challenges to the environment and the biological processes that occur within it. Examples come from the impact of humans on the environment and the fundamental interactions between living and non-living things and the environments in which they are found.

Level two

Students planning to complete the extended major must complete BIO2011, BIO2040, ENV2022 and ATS2548. These units provide the knowledge to understand the biological challenges in ecology and conservation, how to monitor the environment and then how to apply this information in the context of environmental policy and management. Level two environmental science builds upon first year to examine patterns of biodiversity and the processes that underpin that biodiversity, in addition to ecosystem processes that occur in natural food webs. A strong emphasis is placed on the ecological generalities that underpin occurrence and interactions of animals and plants with their environments and the application of ecological principles to manage species of conservation influence, drawing heavily on examples from Australia and overseas. This learning is complemented by an introduction to the perspectives and issues that influence environmental policy and management and the importance of understanding appropriate ways to design monitoring and sampling programs in air, soil and water. The teaching in the units at level two is a combination of lectures, seminars, tutorials and practical activities, including field exercises and laboratory sessions.

It is strongly recommended that students enrolling in any level-two environmental science units read the requirements of their desired level three sequence units carefully to ensure that they have satisfied the specific prerequisites.

Level three

The final year of the environmental science extended major broadens and enhances the knowledge and skills gained in earlier levels. Students must complete BIO3111, BIO3070, ENV3022 and either ATS3552 or ATS3259. These units provide advanced understanding of the principles and applications of ecological knowledge in an environmental context, technologies that impact the environment, and techniques and methods for remote sensing of environmental state. These units draw heavily upon real-world examples of ecological and environmental issues, as well contemporary techniques for addressing them. The two remaining units in the major can be selected from BIO3091, BIO3082, ATS2545/3545, ATS3788, ATS3554, ATS3546, ATS3791, ATS3553 and either ATS2549 or ATS3552 (if not already taken as a core unit). This range of units allows students in the extended major to mix both ecological and geographical disciplines equally or to focus primarily on one. They complement the core units by broadening the base of ecological principles and the responses of plants and animals to their natural environment, as well as putting management, assessment and decision making of environmental issues in a strong, applied context. Students may choose to specialise in areas of soil science, environmental hydrology, applied resource monitoring and evaluation or Australian vegetation. Students that complete the extended major will have encountered a broad range of biological, geographical and technological concepts that will provide them broad and advanced knowledge in the environmental science area of study.

Honours

Honours is not presently available in Environmental science but students may consider honours in a related discipline, like geographical science or a biological sciences area. With careful planning, students must meet the entry requirements for the relevant science honours discipline as published in the handbook. This may require the completion of additional relevant science units. Students should contact Science Student Services for assistance before enrolling to ensure that the program they wish to follow will satisfy the entry requirements for honours in another discipline.

Minor in genetics (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• 12 points of GEN units at level two or three

Major in genetics (48 points)

• BIO1011 and either BIO1022 or BIO1042
• GEN2041 and GEN2052
• GEN3040 and three of GEN3030, GEN3051, GEN3062, GEN3990, or MOL2011*

* MOL2011 requires BIO1011 and BIO1022

Extended major in genetics (72 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• GEN2041, GEN2052, MOL2011 and MOL2022
• GEN3030, GEN3040, GEN3051, GEN3062, BIO3011* and one of GEN3990 or any level three BCH, MIC* or DEV* unit

* These units have additional pre-requisites at either level one or level two that need to be taken in addition to the units listed.

Requirements for honours in genetics

• 24 points of relevant level three units, of which normally 18 points are genetics units.

Additional information

Level one

Students studying genetics in their first year will take BIO1011 (Biology I) plus BIO1022 (Biology II) and/or BIO1042 (Environmental biology). Note that students intending to complete MOL2011 as part of their major must take BIO1022. The focus in first year is to acquire basic knowledge of the inheritance of genes, the structure and expression of genes and the principles of population genetics as a stepping stone to the comprehensive treatment of these subjects provided at level two.

Level two

Students wishing to complete a major in genetics must complete the two level two genetics units GEN2041 and GEN2052. Together these units provide a comprehensive grounding in all the concepts needed for the advanced, specialised genetics units offered at level three. MOL2011 can also be taken as an alternative to one of the level three genetics units and is highly recommended for students with a particular interest in the areas of biomedical science and biotechnology. Students wishing to complete an extended major in genetics must complete the level two genetics units GEN2041 and GEN2052 and the level two molecular biology units MOL2011 and MOL2022. Together these units provide a comprehensive grounding in all the concepts needed for the advanced, specialised genetics units offered at level three. In the level two genetics units students examine in detail how genes interact both with other genes and with environmental factors to control traits. The nature of the 'gene' is explored in detail, including gene regulation, function and mutation. Students explore how the availability of whole genome sequences for numerous organisms allows us to ask how genetic variation in individuals or in populations arises, is maintained, and allows species to change, adapt and evolve. Finally, students are introduced to the basic molecular genetic 'toolkit' that allows researchers to manipulate and study genes in a wide range of genetic model organisms from prokaryotes through to complex multicellular eukaryotes.

Level three

In the level three genetics units students investigate specialised areas at the cutting edge of modern genetic research, building on the concepts gained in earlier levels. Studies in GEN3040 explore recent advances in whole genome and bioinformatic approaches and how they can be used both to identify and study the genetic basis of simple and complex traits, and to find and use genetic variation to answer important ecological and evolutionary questions. Applications of these techniques to human health, sustainable food production and security and environmental management are considered. In GEN3030 students will explore the latest techniques for studying gene function, including visualising gene regulation in vivo and artificially activating or inhibiting gene activity in plants and animals. The application of these methods will be demonstrated using examples from the genetic study of fundamental cellular, developmental and physiological processes, such as programmed cell death, cell-cell communication, cell movement, tissue patterning, neuronal signalling, and cellular homeostasis. GEN3051 examines the role our genes play in human health, development and evolution and how disease can arise due to a mix of genetic defects and environmental influences, and how forensic science exploits our genetic similarities and differences to identify individuals from biological samples and to determine relationships between individuals. In GEN3062 students explore how evolutionary processes shape patterns of biodiversity by focusing on genetic diversity in an ecological context, what it is, how to measure it and how it underpins adaptation and contributes to successful biodiversity. All level three units involve extensive practical work exercises, and for high-achieving students keen to get into a real laboratory, GEN3990 is available, a project-based unit where the student carries out a research project in the laboratory of one of the genetics academic staff.

Note that [http://monash.edu/science/about/schools/biological-sciences/units/genetics_streams.htmlhttp://monash.edu/science/about/schools/biological-sciences/units/genetics_streams.html (http://monash.edu/science/about/schools/biological-sciences/units/genetics_streams.html){recommended course streams]] for the major are available.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in geographical science (24 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and one additional level two unit from the units listed above

Major in geographical science (48 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and 6 or 12 points of level two ATS units from the list above
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from the level three ATS units from the list above

Extended major in geographical science (72 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and 6 or 12 points of level two ATS units from the list above
• the remaining points from ATS level two and level three units listed above, with at least 36 points at level three

Requirements for honours in geographical science

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from the level three units listed above

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

The primary objective of the syllabus of units at level one is to introduce key concepts for understanding the reciprocal links between people and the natural world, and the spatial processes shaping economy, society, and environmental change. No prior studies in geographical science are required to begin study at level one.

A first-level sequence in geographical science consists of two semester units. In first semester, students enrol in ATS1310. In second semester, they may choose either ATS1301 or ATS1309. Students planning a comprehensive introduction to geographical science may take all three units.

Level two

The syllabus at level two permits students to select from a variety of sub-fields in geographical science. The satisfactory completion of a minor in geographical science equips students with an understanding of the complex interdependence of human activities and diversity of geographical approaches concerning the interrelationships of place, people and environment.

Level three

At level three, students elect to enrol in one or more of the main systematic fields which are intended to challenge them with appropriate advanced material and to intensify their familiarity with the purpose and practice of original research work. To obtain a major in geographical science, students would normally complete 24 points at level three.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in geosciences (24 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• the remaining 12 points from the ESC units at level two or three

Major in geosciences (48 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• ESC2111 and ESC2122
• the remaining 24 points from the ESC units at level three

Extended major in geosciences (72 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• ESC2111 and ESC2122
• the remaining 48 points from the ESC units at level three

Requirements for honours in geosciences

• At least 24 points of ESC units at level three including 18 points from ESC3162, ESC3190, ESC3201, ESC3232, ESC3311, ESC3332, ESC3421 or ESC3900.

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

First year students studying geosciences should include the 12-point combination ESC1011 (or ENV1011 for Bachelor of Environmental Science students) and ESC1022 along with SCI1020 (Introduction to statistical reasoning) or STA1010 (Statistical methods for science), and at least one of chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, computational science or geographical science. Students aiming to specialise in palaeontology should also take units from biological sciences. Similarly those with interests in environmental science are advised to take two of biology, chemistry and geographical science, while those with interests in geophysics are advised to take physics and/or mathematics.

ESC1011 is of interest to students seeking a broad overview of earth and environmental sciences. ESC1022 provides a continued overview of geosciences, in particular the processes that have shaped the Earth's crust through its evolution.

Both ESC1011/ENV1011 and ESC1022 have one-day field trips to sites of geological significance.

Level two

In the second year of the geosciences curriculum, students will gain a firm understanding of global-scale geological processes, including plate tectonics, mountain building and sedimentation, mineral science, and volcanism. In addition to lecture and laboratory-based exercises, students will participate in several field-based activities that will sharpen their skills of data collection and interpretation of both small and large-scale geological structures.

In ESC2111, students will learn to interpret past geo-tectonic environments by deciphering stratigraphic and structural elements preserved in mountain belts and sedimentary basins. Because most of our planet is made of minerals, students will delve increasingly into the relationships between the structure, chemistry, physical and optical properties of minerals in ESC2122. Students will explore these concepts through laboratory exercises on crystal morphology and symmetry, optical mineralogy, and electron microscopy. An introduction to groundwater movement and quality emphasising its use and abuse by humans is also treated in ESC2122. Groundwater topics include predicting flow patterns, interactions with surface water, well drilling and pumping, groundwater contamination and remediation, and distribution of groundwater resources throughout Australia.

Students planning to complete a major in geosciences are required to complete ESC2111 and ESC2122.

At least one other coherent package of 12 points at level two from another area of study (chemistry, physics, mathematics and statistics, biological sciences, computational science, geographical science) should be taken.

ESC2111 and ESC2122 are also available to students wishing to take them as independent units to support other studies. Students not intending to proceed to level-three studies in geosciences may take any combination of level-two geosciences units.

Geophysics involves the application of physics, mathematics and computer methods to the investigation of the Earth's interior. Students who intend to major in geosciences are strongly advised to discuss their program with relevant members of staff.

Level three

The level-three program in geosciences consists of several 6-point units in geology, geophysics and environmental geosciences that may be taken in any combination depending on the student's interests and the units completed at level two. Students interested in continuing with geosciences at honours or master's level or becoming professional geologists, geophysicists or environmental geoscientists should take 48 points of level three geoscience units. Students wishing to undertake honours in geosciences must complete at least 24 points of level three ESC units, including 18 points from ESC3162, ESC3190, ESC3201, ESC3232, ESC3311, ESC3332, ESC3421 or ESC3900. Students wishing to complete a major in geosciences but not to progress to honours may take any combination of level three ESC units. Students should choose units with regard to their interests, experience and future aspirations. Advice on suitable combinations of units for various geosciences streams is available from the School of Geosciences and all students are urged to seek advice before choosing sequences of units. Students interested in the geosciences project unit (ESC3200) must obtain permission from the third-year coordinator before enrolling.

Students interested in geophysics should combine the level three units ESC3311 and ESC3332 with other level-three units from geosciences, mathematics or physics.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in immunology (24 points)

• BIO1022* and one of CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• IMM2011 and IMM2022

Major in immunology (48 points)

• BIO1022* and one of CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• IMM2011 and IMM2022
• IMM3031, IMM3042, IMM3051 and one of IMM3062 or IMM3990

Extended major in immunology (72 points)

• BIO1022* and one of CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• IMM2011, IMM2022 and MIC2022*
• IMM3031, IMM3042, IMM3051, MIC3041, HUP3011*, HUP3022 and one of IMM3062 or IMM3990

Major in human pathology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011
• one of DEV2011 or IMM2011
• one of DEV2022* or IMM2022*
• HUP3011* and HUP3022
• one of DEV3022*, BCH3021, HUP3990, IMM3042*, MIC3022*, MIC3032* or MIC3041*

* Note: These units have additional prerequisites that are not included in the sequence.

Requirements for honours in immunology and medical biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are immunology or biochemistry, developmental biology, human pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and physiology units.

Refer to the science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Additional information

Level two

An introduction to immunity and the immune system is offered through the semester one, level two unit (IMM2011). A second semester unit (IMM2022) provides students with exposure to key areas of immunity and the role that the immune system and immunology plays in health and disease. Together, these units provide a foundation in immunology that can be utilised for major studies at level three or provide a grounding in immunological principles that may be useful across many areas of biological science.

Level three

The Department of Immunology offers five immunology units at level three. In each semester, students can take one theory-based immunology unit (IMM3031/IMM3042) and one practical-based unit (IMM3051/IMM3062) or research-based unit (IMM3990). Together, these units provide an excellent coverage of all aspects of immunology, and students will be well equipped to undertake a career in research, applied or diagnostic immunology.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in materials science (24 points)

• two of ENG1050, PHS1011 (or PHS1080), PHS1022, CHM1011, CHM1022, CHM1051 or CHM1052
• MTE2541 and MTE2542

Major in materials science (48 points)

• a minor in materials science
• four units from MTE2544, MTE2548, MTE3541, MTE3542, MTE3545, MTE3547, with at least 18 points at level three

Requirements for honours in materials science

• Distinction level average in 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which at least 18 points are materials science units

Additional information

A major in materials science can be combined with a wide range of other majors, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, or another option. For example, students with an interest in biomaterials may choose to combine materials science with a physiology major. A materials science major commences at level two. A major in materials science will equip graduates with the skills and attributes necessary to commence a career in areas as varied as the development of a new process or product, fundamental research, or work in industrial production facilities. The program provides a broad foundation in all areas of materials, recognising the diverse future careers of graduates given the above-mentioned broad variety of other majors possible.

Level two

The three level-two units have no formal prerequisite requirements from level one but students must have successfully completed at least 36 points of units at level one before they may enrol in any science unit at level two. It is recommended that at least one mathematics units is undertaken at level two. MTE2541 and MTE2542 are core units, as outlined above.

Level three

Four 6-point units are offered at level three, and these generally comprise lectures, tutorials and a practical session.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

The units MTH1035, MTH2015 and MTH2025 are advanced versions of MTH1030, MTH2010 and MTH2021, respectively. For the purpose of sequence requirements listed below, MTH1030, MTH2010 and MTH2025 can be replaced by their corresponding advanced version.

Minor in mathematics (24 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830, MTH1000 or STA1010
• MTH2010 (if not already completed at level one)
• the remaining 6 or 12 points from MTH2021, MTH2032, MTH2121, MTH2140 and MTH2222

Minor in mathematical statistics (24 points)

• MTH1030 and MTH2010
• MTH2222 and MTH2232

Major in mathematics (48 points)

• a minor in mathematics
• MTH2021 (if not already completed)
• at least one of MTH3011, MTH3051, MTH3110, MTH3140
• the remaining 12 or 18 points from the MTH units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Extended major in mathematics (72 points)

• a major in mathematics
• the remaining 24 points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Major in applied mathematics (48 points)

• completion of a minor in mathematics that includes MTH2032
• MTH2021 (if not already completed)
• at least three units from MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060, MTH3310, MTH3360, ASP3012, ASP3051 or ATM3050 including at least two of MTH3011, MTH3051, MTH3060 and MTH3310
• any remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above

Extended major in applied mathematics (72 points)

• a minor in mathematics that includes MTH2032
• MTH2021 (if not already completed)
• at least six units (36pts) from MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060, MTH3310, MTH3360, ASP3012, ASP3051, ATM3040, ATM3050 or MTH3251 including at least three (18pts) of MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060 and MTH3310
• any remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above

Major in pure mathematics (48 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830 or MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed at level one) and MTH2021
• MTH2140 or MTH3140, and MTH2121 or MTH3121
• the remaining 12 or 18 points from MTH2222, MTH3110, MTH3150, MTH3160, MTH3011, MTH3020 and MTH3230
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Extended major in pure mathematics (72 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830 or MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed at level one) and MTH2021
• MTH2140 or MTH3140, and MTH2121 or MTH3121
• the remaining points from MTH2222, MTH3000, MTH3110, MTH3150, MTH3160, MTH3011, MTH3020 and MTH3230
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Major in mathematical statistics (48 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2222, MTH2232, and one of MTH2010, MTH2021 or MTH2140 (MTH2010 must be included if not already completed in level one)
• three units from ETC3400, ETC3420, MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251, including at least two of MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251

Extended major in mathematical statistics (72 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed in level one), MTH2222, MTH2232
• at least three units from ETC3400, ETC3420, MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251, including at least two of MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251
• the remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Extended major in financial and insurance mathematics (72 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed in level one), MTH2222, MTH2232
• ETC3400, ETC3460, MTH3230, MTH3241, MTH3251 and at least one of ETC3420 or ETC3530
• the remaining points from level two and level three units ETC2410, MTH2021, MTH2140, ETC3420, ETC3530, MTH3011, MTH3051 and MTH3060

Requirements for honours in mathematics and statistics

• 24 points of relevant level three mathematics and statistics units, of which normally 18 points are relevant to the project

Additional information

There are many possible combinations of mathematics units and strong prerequisite requirements on mathematics sequences. Students considering completing a sequence in mathematics or statistics are advised to determine the prerequisites for any higher-level units in their area of interest before finalising their choice of units and may seek the assistance of the relevant coordinator. As a general rule, it is advisable to choose a set of units at any level that leave several options open at higher levels.

Level one

Level one mathematics units are provided for students from a wide variety of backgrounds, from those who have not studied mathematics at VCE level to those who have completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4. It is recommended that all science students should include some level-one mathematics units in their course, particularly those who have not completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4.

The units MTH1010, MTH1020 and MTH1030 are provided in support of other science disciplines, as well as preparation for further studies in mathematics. They should be taken sequentially commencing from a point that depends on a student's previous studies in mathematics, for example by their level of preparation from VCE level. MTH2010 is available to students at both first and second level who have completed MTH1030, including first-year students who have taken MTH1030 in their first semester. Further details of recommended mathematics sequences are provided below.

The units STA1010 and MAT1830 in combination with MTH1030 can form part of a mathematics sequence at level one, but any student who is considering completing a minor or major sequence in mathematics may limit their options at higher years if MTH1030 is not taken in their first year. STA1010 is designed specifically as a service unit in data analysis and statistics for students intending to major in other disciplines, particularly in psychology and the life sciences, as well as forming part of the normal statistics sequence. MAT1830 is a specialist mathematics unit but it also has a service role, being recommended for students of computer science.

Recommended level-one mathematics sequences

For students who have completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4 with a study score of at least 25, the recommended mathematics level one sequence is MTH1020 and MTH1030.

For students who have completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4 with a study score of at least 30, the recommended level one mathematics sequence is MTH1030 and MTH2010. These students may also choose to take MAT1830 or STA1010 instead of MTH2010 in their first year.

For other students, the recommended level-one mathematics units are MTH1010 and MTH1020.

Students not intending to take any level-two mathematics units may choose any one of the above recommended sequences or replace the second unit in any of the sequences by STA1010.

It is recommended that Bachelor of Science students complete SCI1020 prior to STA1010 if they have not completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4.

The units MTH1035 and MTH2015 are advanced versions of MTH1030 and MTH2010 and are intended to provide challenge to high achieving students. These units replace MTH1030 and MTH2010 in the minors and majors listed above.

Level two

It is strongly recommended that students enrolling in any level-two mathematics units read the requirements of their desired major or extended major carefully to ensure that those units can be counted towards that major, and that any prerequisite requirements at level three will have been satisfied. Further advice and assistance on this matter can be obtained from either the relevant coordinator (listed above) or Science Student ServicesScience Student Services (http://monash.edu/science/current/undergraduate/help/).

MTH2025 is an advanced version of MTH2021 and is intended to provide challenges to high achieving students. This unit replaces MTH2021 in the minors and majors listed above.

Students intending to undertake a major in applied mathematics are recommended to complete MTH2032 in their second year of enrolment, along with either MTH2010 (if not already completed) or one of MTH2021 or MTH2025.

The unit MTH2222 covers the theoretical material needed to complete a major in mathematical statistics. It is only offered in second semester, so students who wish to complete MTH2222 and who have not completed MTH2010 or one of MTH2021 or MTH2025 by the end of the first semester must take MTH2010 concurrently with MTH2222.

Level three

It is strongly recommended that students enrolling in any level-three mathematics units read the requirements of their desired major or extended major carefully to ensure that those units can be counted towards that major or extended major, and that all other requirements will have been satisfied. Further advice and assistance on this matter can be obtained from either the relevant coordinator (listed above) or Science Student ServicesScience Student Services (http://monash.edu/science/current/undergraduate/help/).

The School of Mathematical Sciences offers a broad range of mathematics units at level three. Many of these units are intended for non-specialist third-level studies in mathematics. Specialist unit areas include algebra, analysis and geometry, applied and computational mathematics, mathematical statistics and probability, astrophysics and fluid dynamics.

Students intending to undertake a major in applied mathematics who have not already completed either MTH2021 or MTH2025 should normally take one of these units in their third year of enrolment.

The unit MTH3000 (Mathematics research project level 3) is only available to students who have completed at least two MTH3 units with a sufficient level of achievement. Students seeking to enrol in this unit should contact the coordinator in the first instance.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in pharmacology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• PHA2022 and PHY2011

Major in pharmacology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• PHY2011 and one of PHA2022 or PHY2032
• PHA3011 and PHA3021, and two of PHA3032, PHA3042 or PHA3990

Details of the PHY units, and some related sequences, are described in the physiologyphysiology (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/physiology/) entry in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Requirements for honours in pharmacology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are pharmacology or biochemistry, chemistry, developmental biology, human pathology, immunology, microbiology and physiology units.

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students who have completed other majors may be eligible with approval of the head of school.

Additional information

Level two

The Department of Pharmacology offers one 6-point unit - PHA2022 - at level two. This unit is of interest to all students taking biomedical science units (physiology, biochemistry, developmental biology, microbiology) but also as an adjunct to a degree in law or psychology. PHA2022 is not a compulsory prerequisite for further study in pharmacology but is highly recommended.

The prerequisites for PHA3011 and PHA3021 are normally an adequate performance in two units of physiology and pharmacology at level two. Units studied at level two may also include biochemistry or chemistry.

Students planning to complete majors in both physiology and pharmacology must take PHY2011 and PHY2032 plus PHY2042 and PHA2022.

Level three

The first semester units, PHA3011 and PHA3021, lay the foundations for understanding how drugs act and the use of drugs to treat disease; PHA3011 is a prerequisite for all second-semester units offered by the school. In second semester students may elect to take any combination of the three units PHA3032, PHA3042 and PHA3990. These units may be combined with units in other disciplines such as any of the biological/medical disciplines, chemistry or law.

Students intending to proceed to honours in pharmacology must complete at least 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are pharmacology units.

Honours

Coordinator: Associate Professor Robert Widdop

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and the head of department. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in physics (24 points)

• either PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022
• two of PHS2011, PHS2022, ASP2011.

Major in physics (48 points)

• either PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022
• PHS2011 and PHS2022
• the remaining units (to complete 48 points) including at least 18 points of level three units from physics (PHS), with no more than one research project (PHS3350 or PHS3360). One of ASP3231, MTE3545 or MTE3547 may be included if four units are required at level three; ASP2011 may be taken at level two.

Extended major in physics (72 points)

• a major in physics
• the remaining units (to complete 72 points) including at least 36 points of PHS units at level three (with ASP3222 as an alternative to PHS3062); additional units may include ASP3231, level three mathematics units approved by the physics level three coordinator, or one of MTE3545 or MTE3547.

Note that physics units have mathematics pre-requisites. PHS2011 has MTH1030 as a prerequisite; PHS2022 has MTH2010 as a prerequisite; level three units (PHS3031, PHS3042, PHS3051, PHS3062, PHS3131 and PHS3142) have MTH2010 and MTH2032 as pre-requisites. Details of the ASP and MTE units, and related sequences, are described in the astrophysicsastrophysics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/astrophysics/) and materials sciencematerials science (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/materials-science/) entries in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Requirements for honours in physics

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are PHS units

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

The mainstream sequence PHS1011 and PHS1022 covers foundational topics in physics over two semesters, providing a balance between a theoretical understanding of physics along with practical applications and experimental physics. These units follow a mathematical approach and use calculus. Students are required to have passed VCE year 12 Physics (or equivalent), or do PHS1080 in place of PHS1011. Mainstream physics is normally taken by students with interests in physics, mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry, computational science, those with a general interest in the nature of the universe, and those doing science/engineering double degrees. For PHS1011, MTH1020 or MTH1030 are recommended co-requisites. PHS1022 has a prerequisite of VCE Specialist Mathematics or MTH1020, with MTH1030 as a recommended co-requisite (to enable students to proceed to level two physics).

Foundation physics PHS1080 is suitable for students with no year 12 Physics who wish to understand the basic principles of physics. It specifically prepares students for entering PHS1022 in semester two and for continuing in physics or astronomy-astrophysics beyond level one.

PHS1031 and PHS1042 are specifically designed for students interested in biomedical and environmental disciplines respectively. There is an emphasis on applications of physics principles in a range of relevant situations. These units can be undertaken by students with no previous physics experience and do not require calculus. However they do not provide students with a suitable foundation for further studies in physics or in areas based on physics.

PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022 are required to enter the level two physics units PHS2011 and PHS2022. Students with alternative semester-one physics may be enrolled in level two physics at the discretion of the level coordinator. Students continuing to level two physics should ensure that they do the required mathematics (at least MTH1030 in level one).

The school also offers ASP1010 (Earth to cosmos - introductory astronomy) and ASP1022 (Life and the universe) at level one. Any level one physics unit provides a basic foundation to do level two astronomy and astrophysics. See the 'astrophysics' entry for details.

Level two

The units PHS2011 and PHS2022 develop key areas of physics including quantum physics, condensed matter physics, electromagnetism, optics, atomic and nuclear physics, and statistical physics. Many key concepts are linked via appropriate applications. MTH1030 is a prerequisite for PHS2011 and MTH2010 is a pre-requisite for PHS2022.

Students intending to proceed to level three physics (including theoretical physics) must complete the units PHS2011 and PHS2022, and should also take MTH2032. In addition, ASP2011 complements the mainstream physics units and provides a background for students who wish to take level three astrophysics units. For information on astrophysics, refer to the astrophysicsastrophysics (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/astrophysics/) entry in the Science areas of study section of this Handbook.

Level three

The School of Physics and Astronomy offers a range of level three units that cover classical mechanics and field theory, relativistic particles and fields, quantum mechanics, advanced quantum mechanics, seminars in theoretical physics, scattering and spectroscopy, condensed matter physics, statistical physics, nuclear physics, fundamental particle physics, electrodynamics and photonics. In addition, the school offers units in observational astronomy and astrophysics. All level three physics units require MTH2010 and MTH2032. PHS3031 is essential for any student considering doing honours in physics. A physics research project unit (PHS3350) may be taken by a qualified student wishing to do independent work, subject to approval by the school towards a physics major, or two research project units for a double major.

Level three physics units normally consist of two series of 12 one-hour lectures, a further 12 hours of tutorial/workshops, and an average of 2.5 hours of laboratory per week or one-hour seminar work per week for theoretical units.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in physiology (24 points)

• 12 points of level-one BIO, CHM or PHS units
• PHY2011 and one of PHY2032 or PHY2042

Major in physiology (48 points)

• a minor in physiology
• 24 points from level two or three PHY units, with at least 18 points at level three

Requirements for honours in physiology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are physiology or biochemistry, chemistry, developmental biology, human pathology, immunology, microbiology and pharmacology units.

Refer to the above science areas of studyscience areas of study (http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2015handbooks/aos/index-byfaculty-sci.html) in this Handbook for details of relevant level-three units.

Students who have completed other majors may be eligible with approval of the head of school.

Additional information

Level two

Students must have successfully completed at least 36 points of units at level one before they may enrol in any science unit at level two. In order to enrol in level two physiology units, students must have completed 12 points from level one chemistry, biology and/or physics.

Students planning to complete majors in both physiology and pharmacology must take all three level-two physiology units and PHA2022.

Level three

To be able to take any of the level-three physiology units, students must have passed any two of PHY2011, PHY2032 and PHY2042.

There are three level-three units available in semester one and a further three in semester two. Students wishing to major in physiology normally take two units in semester one and another two units in semester two, however students can take these units in any combination. Less than four units can be taken by students not wishing to major in physiology, and all six can be taken by students with a special interest in physiology.

The level-three units can be paired to follow related themes e.g. PHY3111 with PHY3012, PHY3171 with PHY3072. They do not, however, indicate prescribed paths that must be followed, and students are free to take these units in any combination that they wish.

PHY3990 Action in physiology research project can be taken in either semester or over the summer break. Enrolment in this unit requires a Distinction over 24 points at second year level.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. Enrolment in an honours project is subject to approval of the supervisor and head of department. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Graduate entry studies

Some PHY units may be accepted as prerequisites for certain graduate entry programs. For example, PHY2011 plus one of PHY2032 or PHY2042 are accepted as meeting prerequisite requirements for the graduate entry Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery program at the University of Melbourne. Students intending to apply for admission to graduate entry programs should ensure that they check with the relevant university as to the acceptability of Monash PHY units as prerequisites for their programs.

Minor in plant sciences (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2181 plus one of BIO2022, BIO3082 or BIO3091*

Major in plant sciences (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2181 and one of BIO2022 or GEN2041
• BIO3091 and BIO3082, and two of BIO2011, BIO3011*, BIO3021, BIO3070*, BIO3820, BIO3990*/GEN3990*, GEN3030*, GEN3040* or GEN3062

* These units have compulsory level-one and/or level-two prerequisites beyond those units listed at level two.

Requirements for honours in plant sciences

• BIO3091 and BIO3082, and two 6-point level-three units listed above

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying plant sciences will take BIO1011 plus BIO1042 and/or BIO1022 in their first year. The focus in first year is to provide basic knowledge of the structure and evolution of plants, their cellular and molecular composition, genetics from the scale of molecule to population, and some fundamentals of physiology and ecology that assist in understanding plant adaptations to the environment.

Level two

Coordinator: Professor John Beardall

Students planning to complete a major must study BIO2181 and BIO2022 or GEN2041 before proceeding to level three plant sciences. There is also the option to include BIO2011 in the major. Alternatively, completion of the level two plant science units after a sequence in biology at first year can comprise a minor in plant sciences. Level two plant sciences builds upon studies at first year to examine the diversity and evolutionary development of plants in more detail. It starts by focusing on key features of the different plant groups and the implications of evolutionary developments for the spread and diversification of particular groups. Students examine the implications of autotrophy and being sessile, and how these factors have shaped differences in function and behaviour of plants compared with animals. Aspects of plant function and structure are then investigated in detail, including uptake and transport of nutrients and water, gas exchange and assimilation processes, and reproduction, and how these are modified in the short-term and in the long-term by environmental factors.

Teaching of these units involves a combination of lectures and practical activities, including plant identification and investigation of live plants and their structure and function in the laboratory, glasshouse and in the field.

Level three

Coordinator: Professor John Beardall

The third year of plant sciences builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier years and continues it in BIO3091 and BIO3082. These units focus first on understanding the characteristics of Australian plant species and plant communities, and the factors that have shaped their development and distribution. The emphasis then shifts to focus on plant development, how it is controlled by environmental signals, and the way that plant growth and productivity respond to environmental factors such as light and temperature, or to stresses like drought and salinisation. These are discussed at scales ranging from molecular changes in gene expression to effects on communities. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with some time spent in the field seeing plants in action. Both units are required for completion of the plant sciences major, along with one or two from a range of other units offered by the school, including BIO3021, BIO3011, GEN3030 and GEN3040. Several of these level three units have other prerequisites at level one and level two that do not contribute to the major or minor in plant sciences.

Note that recommended course streams for the major are available and you can view examples of degree structures that a student could take with plant sciences as their majorexamples of degree structures that a student could take with plant sciences as their major (http://monash.edu/science/about/schools/biological-sciences/units/plant-science_streams.html).

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in psychology (24 points)

• PSY1011 and PSY1022
• PSY2051 and one of PSY2031, PSY2042

Major in psychology (48 points)

• PSY1011 and PSY1022
• PSY2051 and at least one level-two PSY unit
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from the PSY units at level three

Students wishing to gain accreditation by the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council (APAC) or apply for entry into fourth-year courses in psychology must complete 60 points of PSY units including the following nine units: PSY1011, PSY1022, PSY2031, PSY2042, PSY2051, PSY3041, PSY3051, PSY3032 and PSY3062, and one elective PSY unit at level two or three. The additional PSY units required for professional accreditation are above the requirements of a major in course S2000 Bachelor of Science.

Minor in tropical environmental biology (24 points)

• ENV1800 and one of BIO1022 or MON1800
• BIO2810 or ENV2726
• BIO3810 or BIO3820

Major in tropical environmental biology (48 points)

• ENV1800 and one of BIO1022, CHM1051, CHM1052 or MON1800
• BIO2810 and one of ENV2726, ENV2757, MIC2011 or STA2216
• BIO3800, BIO3810 and BIO3820, plus one of BTH3732, CHM3960 or SCI3990

Extended major in tropical environmental biology (72 points)

• ENV1800 and one of BIO1022, CHM1051, CHM1052 or MON1800
• BIO2810 and three of ENV2726, ENV2757, MIC2011 and STA2216
• BIO3800, BIO3810 and BIO3820, plus three of BTH3732, CHM3960, SCI3800 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in tropical biology

• STA2216, and 18 points of relevant level three units chosen from the list above

Additional information

Honours

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).

Minor in zoology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• two of BIO2231, BIO2242, BIO3052* or BIO3132*

* These units have additional level two pre-requisites that need to be taken in addition to the units listed.

Major in zoology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2231 and BIO2242
• BIO3052, BIO3132, and either 12 points of BIO or GEN units at level three, or BIO2022 and one BIO or GEN unit at level three

Requirements for honours in zoology

• BIO3011, BIO3052, BIO3132 and a relevant 6-point level-three unit listed above

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying zoology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the structure and evolution of animals, their cellular and molecular composition, some fundamentals of ecology and the metabolic and homeostatic systems that enable them to survive. Examples are drawn from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrae animals to illustrate and explain the principles of animal design and function.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Dave Chapple

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2231 and BIO2242 before proceeding to level three zoology. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major. Alternatively, completion of the level two zoology units can comprise a minor in the zoology area of study. Level two zoology builds upon first year to examine the diversity and evolutionary development of animals in more detail, and comprehensively investigates the distinguishing features of the different animal groups. There is further development of the themes of homeostasis through the physiological systems of circulation, excretion and respiration. Students also examine how animals move using locomotory structures in different environments, how they obtain and process nutrition and the variety of reproductive strategies they use. The teaching in the units available at level two is a combination of lectures and practical activities, including laboratory sessions examining live animals and prepared specimens of different kinds. Skills in animal identification and functional anatomy are also gained through hands-on practical activities.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Dave Chapple

The final year of the zoology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels and continues it in BIO3052 and BIO3132. In these units we investigate animal communication, development of behaviour, behavioural ecology and the way in which vertebrate animals deal with the environmental challenges of living in the Australian habitat. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with some time spent in the field seeing animals in action. Both units are required for completion of the zoology major, along with one or two from a variety of other units offered by the school, including BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111 and BIO3122.

Note that recommended course streams for the major are available and you can view examples of degree structures that a student could take with zoology as their majorexamples of degree structures that a student could take with zoology as their major (http://monash.edu/science/about/schools/biological-sciences/units/zoology_streams.html).

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• S3002 Bachelor of Science Advanced - Research (Honours)
• 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours)
• 2188 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (Honours)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Bachelor of Science (Honours).