Areas of study by faculty: Science

Studies in astronomy and astrophysics are available to students commencing at level one. The first-level units provide a descriptive overview of the universe, our place in it, and prospects for the developments of extra-terrestrial life. These units are particularly recommended for those interested in the philosophy or history of science, understanding the necessary precursors to the development of life, or amateur astronomy.

It is also possible for students to commence their astrophysics studies at second or third level, as the first and second-level ASP units are not prerequisites for entry into the following levels. The second-level astronomy units are aimed at students who have completed at least first-level physics and mathematics, and their purpose is to introduce astronomy from a more practical and quantitative perspective. They will therefore provide a useful contextual background to prospective physicists in general and to future astronomers and astrophysicists in particular.

Astrophysics is the application of known physical laws to the study of the objects that make up the universe - planets and stars, comets, pulsars and quasars, black holes and galaxies. The third and fourth-level astrophysics units will provide education in modern astrophysics, and are primarily aimed at those intending a professional career in astronomy or astrophysics. However, because modern astrophysics draws heavily on physics, mathematics, computation and numerical analysis, these units also provide excellent training in modern science and problem-solving.

The astronomy and astrophysics program is presented jointly by the School of Mathematical Sciences and the School of Physics.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in astrophysics students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the theories and observations of the physical universe
• have achieved an understanding of how theories of the physical universe are constructed from basic physical principles using mathematical analysis and numerical modelling
• have acquired an insight into some broad areas of astrophysics such as the solar system, stars, planets, galaxies, black holes and cosmology
• have learned a number of higher level analytical and numerical methods and their applications in the constructions of models of stars, planets, galaxies, black holes and cosmology
• have developed problem solving and critical thinking skills
• have developed skills in using telescopes and other instruments used in astronomy
• have developed skills in the effective use of mathematical computer software and numerical modelling techniques
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.
• be prepared for a range of further learning and training in astrophysics including honours studies in astrophysics
• be suitable for employment, both national and international, in a range of areas requiring analytical and quantitative skills.

Level one

• ASP1010 Earth to cosmos - introductory astronomy
• ASP1022 Life and the universe

Level two

• ASP2011 Astronomy
• ASP2062 Introduction to astrophysics

Level three

• ASP3012 Stars and galaxies
• ASP3051 Relativity and cosmology
• ASP3222 Physics for astrophysics
• ASP3231 Observational astronomy

Astronomy and astrophysics

Minor sequence in astronomy and astrophysics (24 points)

• At least two of ASP1010, ASP1022, MTH1020, MTH1030, PHS1011, PHS1080 or PHS1022
• ASP2011 and ASP2062

The level two units have the additional prerequisites of six points of level-one physics and MTH1030 Techniques for modelling or equivalent.

Astrophysics

Major sequence in astrophysics (48 points)

• a minor sequence in mathematics or physics
• ASP2062, ASP3012 and ASP3051
• at least one of ASP3222, ASP3231, or MTH3360

The core unit ASP2062 has the additional prerequisite of six points of level-one physics, and ASP3012 has the additional prerequisite of MTH2032 Differential equations with modelling. Level two physics units are highly recommended.

The unit ASP3222 has additional prerequisites of PHS2011 Physics: Quantum concepts and technologies and PHS2022 Physics for communications and measurement, and the unit ASP3231 has prerequisites of ASP2011 or PHS2011 or PHS2022.

Requirements for honours in astrophysics

• 24 points of level-three units, of which normally 18 points are astrophysics units.

Additional information

Level one

The two first-level astronomy units ASP1010 and ASP1022 are descriptive and introductory and are accessible to students with no prerequisites.

Students considering a minor sequence in astronomy should complete at least six points of first-year physics and MTH1030 or equivalent.

Students considering taking a major sequence in astrophysics should complete PHS1011 and PHS1022 and at least 12 points of mathematics units at level one, normally MTH1020 Analysis of change and MTH1030 or equivalent. Students may also find it advantageous to include some chemistry, computer science or geosciences units, depending on their particular interests.

Level two

The unit ASP2011 is taught by the School of Physics, which operates its own observatories at Mount Burnett and at the Clayton campus, while ASP2062 is taught by the School of Mathematical Sciences. The units cover both theoretical and observational astronomy. ASP2062 is a core unit in the astrophysics major and should be taken at level three if not taken at level two. Students intending to take 24 points of astrophysics at level three must have completed at least 12 points of mathematics and at least six points of physics at level two. The mathematics units completed must include MTH2010 and MTH2032; MTH2051 or MTH3051 is also strongly recommended. The minimum physics requirement is PHS2011, which is a modern physics unit built around quantum physics taught in the context of atomic, molecular and solid state physics. However, it is preferable for students to take 12 points of physics comprising PHS2011 and PHS2022, especially if they are more interested in the observational or instrumental aspects of astrophysics. This is because this combination of units provides a good grounding in quantum concepts, electronics principles and optics, all of which are important in astronomy and astrophysics.

Level three

It is expected that students taking astrophysics at level three will combine the sequence primarily with either 24 points of mathematics (for those intending to follow theoretical astrophysics) or with 24 points of physics units (for those intending to follow a more observational or instrumentational approach) at level three. In either case, there is a core of 12 points at level three composed of the two units ASP3012 and ASP3051. In addition, students must complete at least one of ASP3222, ASP3231 and MTH3360. Students who completed ASP2062 at level two would normally take MTH3360 and ASP3231. Students who still have to complete ASP2062 at level three would normally choose between MTH3360 (if inclined more to the theoretical) and ASP3231 (if inclined more to the observational). ASP3222 is for students who are not taking physics at level three and are inclined towards theoretical astrophysics.

Students intending to study theoretical astrophysics at honours level in the School of Mathematical Sciences are advised to include MTH3360 at level three and to gain some experience with numerical computation.

Students at third-year level and wishing to take astrophysics but who lack the appropriate physics prerequisites may be able to enrol in some of the ASP core units as part of their mathematics sequence (see the level three entry under 'mathematics' in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook), however, they should discuss this with the astrophysics coordinator at the earliest opportunity.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Atmospheric science explores the structure and evolution of the atmosphere, and includes the problems of forecasting the day-to-day weather, the climate and the role of both in environmental issues. The undergraduate program is designed to introduce the scientific principles behind these phenomena as well as provide a broad understanding of them. An interdisciplinary approach is essential in studying atmospheric science. The field draws on the strengths of environmental science, applied mathematics and physical geography; it involves applications of concepts in physics and chemistry. Modern scientific and computing techniques are employed to approach some of the fundamental problems facing our society. The discipline offers a balance of field work, data analysis, theoretical research and state-of-the-art modelling.

The atmospheric science program is offered jointly by the School of Mathematical Sciences and the School of Geography and Environmental Science (in the Faculty of Arts).

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in atmospheric science students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the physical theory of the Earth's atmosphere and its relation with climate and weather forecasting
• have achieved an understanding of how physical theories of the atmosphere are constructed from basic principles and using mathematical analysis and numerical modelling
• have acquired an insight into at least one broad area of atmospheric science such as clouds, weather forecasting, large-scale weather, climate variability, Australian atmospheric environment and the earth boundary layer
• have learned a number of mathematical models and their applications in atmospheric science and weather forecasting
• have learned a number of higher level atmospheric science methods and their applications
• have developed skills in the effective use of mathematical computer software and spreadsheets
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.
• be prepared for a range of further learning and training in atmospheric science and other disciplines, including honours studies in atmospheric science
• be suitable for employment, both national and international, in a range of areas requiring analytical and quantitative skills.

Level two

• ATM2020 Climate dynamics of the atmosphere and oceans
• ATM2030 Clouds, weather and forecasting
• ATS2776 Climatology: Land, ecosystems and the atmosphere
• ATS2779 Climate change and variability

Level three

• ATM3040 Physical meteorology
• ATM3050 Dynamical meteorology
• ATS3558 Global change and the earth system
• ATS3887 Designing urban futures: Urban climate, water and adaptation

Minor sequence in atmospheric science (24 points)

• PHS1011 and PHS1022, or PHS1080 and PHS1022, or MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010
• two of ATM2020, ATM2030, ATS2776, or ATS2779

The level two units ATM2020 and ATM2030 have a co-requisite/pre-requisite of MTH1030.

Major sequence in atmospheric science (48 points)

• a minor sequence in atmospheric science
• at least two of ATM3040, ATM3050, ATS3558 or ATS3887
• any remaining points to be made up from MTH3051, MTH3230, MTH3360 or the level two or three ATM or ATS units listed above, with at least 18 points of level three units

MTH2010 and MTH2032 must also be completed as corequisites/prerequisites for some of the level three units.

Requirements for honours in atmospheric science

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are atmospheric science units

Additional information

Level one

Students considering taking a major sequence in atmospheric science will need to complete a 12-point sequence of level-one mathematics (either MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010). Also, as atmospheric science is a broadly based discipline, a level one unit in either physics or chemistry is recommended.

Level two

Students considering taking a major sequence in atmospheric science must complete the prerequisite mathematics unit MTH2010 and are strongly encouraged to take MTH2032 as well (as it is a prerequisite for MTH3360).

Level three

Students taking a major sequence in atmospheric science should take at least two of ATM3040, ATM3050, ATS3558 and ATS3887, although some substitution is allowed with the approval of the coordinator.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Biochemistry deals with the chemical components and genetic material of living cells in order to understand the molecular events that underlie all biological processes. These are important in human and animal biology, medicine, agriculture, forensic science and biotechnology. Biochemistry opens up our understanding of the causes of disease and provides the basis of the development of effective treatments.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in biochemistry students will:

• have a broad understanding of the biomolecules, machinery and information flow within living cells, and an appreciation of how these underpin all biological processes, in both normal and diseased states
• have developed a deep understanding of key facets of modern biochemistry including: proteins and structural biology; bioinformatics; advanced molecular biology; signal transduction and its role in diseases such as cancer; cell organisation and the roles of organelles in health and disease
• be proficient in core biochemical laboratory techniques, understanding both the principles and applications of these methods within the molecular biosciences
• be able to critically evaluate scientific data and literature
• be familiar with the nature and scope of the scientific literature in biochemistry and related areas, using both the library and electronic resources to seek scientific information
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.
• be prepared for further learning or training in biochemistry or related areas, such as honours studies with a research focus
• be suitable for employment in occupations and organisations that include research, teaching, the biotechnology industry, diagnostic and analytical laboratories, biomedical sales and marketing, legal and commercial firms, media and government bodies.

Level one

• BIO1722 Cell biology
• CHM1011 Chemistry

Level two

• BTH2732 Recombinant DNA technology
• BTH2741 Biochemistry
• BTH2752 Cellular metabolism

Level three

• BTH3741 Medical cell biology
• BTH3752 Molecular biology and biotechnology
• CHM3730 Bioactive chemistry
• SCI3990 Science in action research project

Minor sequence in applied biochemistry (24 points)

• CHM1011 and BIO1722
• BTH2741 and one of BTH2752 or BTH2732

Major sequence in applied biochemistry (48 points)

• CHM1011 and BIO1722
• BTH2741 and BTH2732 and BTH2752
• BTH3741, BTH3752 and one of CHM3730 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in biochemistry

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally from units listed above.

Additional information

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to the course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in biochemistry.

First level units provide essential foundation knowledge in chemistry and cell biology. Second level units introduce in depth investigations of cellular biochemistry, cell metabolism and recombinant DNA technology which are extended at level three. The incorporation of project work at levels two and three enables students to develop key research skills.

0050 Bachelor of Science

Biochemistry deals with the chemical components and genetic material of living cells in order to understand the molecular events that underlie all biological processes. These are important in human and animal biology, medicine, agriculture, forensic science and biotechnology. Biochemistry opens up our understanding of the causes of disease and provides the basis of the development of effective treatments.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in biochemistry students will:

• have a broad understanding of the biomolecules, machinery and information flow within living cells, and an appreciation of how these underpin all biological processes, in both normal and diseased states
• have developed a deep understanding of key facets of modern biochemistry including: proteins and structural biology; bioinformatics; advanced molecular biology; signal transduction and its role in diseases such as cancer; cell organisation and the roles of organelles in health and disease
• be proficient in core biochemical laboratory techniques, understanding both the principles and applications of these methods within the molecular biosciences
• be able to critically evaluate scientific data and literature
• be familiar with the nature and scope of the scientific literature in biochemistry and related areas, using both the library and electronic resources to seek scientific information
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be prepared for further learning or training in biochemistry or related areas, such as honours studies with a research focus
• be suitable for employment in occupations and organisations that include research, teaching, the biotechnology industry, diagnostic and analytical laboratories, biomedical sales and marketing, legal and commercial firms, media and government bodies.

Level two

• BCH2011 Structure and function of cellular biomolecules
• BCH2022 Metabolic basis of human diseases
• MOL2011 Molecular biology: Genes and their expression
• MOL2022 Molecular biology: Gene technology and its application

Level three

• BCH3021 Cell organisation: Organelle structure and function in health and disease
• BCH3031 Advanced molecular biology: Modern concepts and applications
• BCH3042 Cell signal transduction: Role in cancer and human disease
• BCH3052 Protein biology: From sequence to structure and disease
• BCH3990 Action in biochemistry research project

Minor sequence in biochemistry (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022, or CHM1011 and CHM1022, or CHM1031 and CHM1042
• BCH2011 and BCH2022

VCE Chemistry or at least a level-one unit in chemistry is recommended for level-two units.

Minor sequence in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major sequence in biochemistry (48 points)

• a minor sequence in biochemistry
• four of BCH3021, BCH3031, BCH3042, BCH3052, or BCH3990

Major sequence in biochemistry and molecular biology (48 points)

• a minor sequence in molecular biology
• BCH3031 and BCH3052, and two of BCH3021, BCH3042, or BCH3990

Double major sequence in biochemistry and molecular biology (72 points)

• a minor sequence in molecular biology
• BCH2011 and BCH2022
• one of MIC3011, MIC3022, MIC3032, or MIC3990
• 30 additional points from the BCH units at level three

Details of the MIC units and sequences are described in the 'microbiology ' entry in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

Requirements for honours in biochemistry and molecular biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are biochemistry units.

Additional information

Level two

Biochemistry and molecular biology are first offered as units at level two. For students who wish to complete a minor or major sequence in biochemistry and molecular biology the level-two unit combinations BCH2011 and BCH2022, together with MOL2011 and MOL2022 are highly recommended.

Level three

Students who have completed BCH2011/BCH2022 and MOL2011/MOL2022 will have gained a firm foundation for studying any combination of the following 6-point units: BCH3021 and BCH3031 in first semester, and BCH3042 and BCH3052 in second semester, in addition to BCH3990 (either semester). Completion of at least four 6-point BCH units at level three offers maximum flexibility in choice for future studies in biochemistry. Students should discuss their interests and career plans with level-three unit coordinators to facilitate a choice of units that best suits their interests.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Biotechnology is an exciting area in modern science that has great potential in the industrial, medical and agricultural sectors. Biotechnology includes practical applications of knowledge involving many biological processes and its strength at Monash is that it draws on advances in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, microbiology, chemical science/engineering, cell biology, immunology, pharmacology and other disciplines. A major in biotechnology reflecting all facets of this area includes units from various disciplines across faculties, departments and schools.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in biotechnology students will:

• have developed an understanding and appreciation of the molecular and chemical processes that underlie the wide variety of functions in all forms of life, including micro-organisms, plants and animals
• be familiar with advanced principles of experimental design that are needed to study processes at the molecular level
• have developed useful practical skills in experimental methods used in biotechnology, which may include recombinant DNA technologies, bioprocessing and product isolation and purification, analysis of transgenic organisms; culture and breeding of micro-organisms, animals and plants; histochemical and cytological techniques and the use of bioinformatics databases and software in biotechnology and genome projects
• have experience in generating experimental data, data analysis, data interpretation and data presentation (both written and oral/visual)
• have developed a comprehensive knowledge and appreciation of the application of biotechnology research in areas of medical, agricultural or bioproducts research and an understanding of project and workplace management
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be competent for further teaching, employment at technical level, or advanced study involving theory and research in biotechnology, locally or internationally.

Level one

• BTH1802 Fundamentals of biotechnology

Level two

• BTH2732 Recombinant DNA technology
• BTH2741 Biochemistry
• BTH2752 Cellular metabolism

Level three

• BTH3711 Food and industrial microbiology
• BTH3752 Molecular biology and biotechnology

Major sequence in biotechnology (48 points)

• BTH1802 and CHM1022
• Two of BTH2741, BTH2732 or GEN2041
• SCI3716
• three units from BTH3711, BTH3752, BTH3820, GEN3040, GEN3051 and SCI3990

Double major sequence in biotechnology (72 points)

• BTH1802 and CHM1022
• Two of BTH2741, BTH2732 or GEN2041
• SCI3716
• seven units from BTH2752, CHM2922, MIC2011, BTH3711, BTH3752, BTH3820, GEN3040, GEN3051 and SCI3990, with at least five units at level three

Honours requirements

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from level three units listed above

Additional information

In addition to the requirements for the sequences listed above, students completing a major or double major sequence in biotechnology may need to complete additional prerequisite units at levels one and two. Students should check the individual unit entries for the level two and three units in the Handbook when planning their selection of units.

Honours

Full details regarding entrance requirements and the course structure for honours are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 2006 Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology)

Double degrees

• 3523 Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology) and Bachelor of Science (Medical Bioscience)

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science

Chemistry is the study of substances: their makeup, structure and composition; how they behave; and how they may be measured, harnessed and transformed for useful applications in the worlds of materials, medicine, technology and the environment.

The School of Chemistry provides units in chemistry for students with a wide variety of interests, including analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, materials chemistry, medicinal and biological chemistry, and synthetic chemistry. Opportunities for specialisation in these areas commence at level two. As well as those students who major in chemistry, there are many who need some chemistry as a prerequisite or recommended unit for their higher-level studies.

Both observation and measurement are essential in chemistry. Therefore, all chemistry units involve laboratory work and practice in solving problems in addition to lectures, tutorials and opportunity for oral and written communication.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in chemistry students will have:

• achieved a broad understanding of the major areas of chemistry, and to appreciate the importance of the various areas of chemistry in everyday life
• developed a deeper understanding of one or more areas of chemistry that include: synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry, medicinal and biological chemistry, spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, surface and interfacial chemistry
• gained proficiency in laboratory techniques and experimental manipulation in various aspects of chemistry
• gained familiarity with the nature and scope of chemical literature, and experience in literature searching
• gained proficiency in accessing Material Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS), and the use of these in the risk assessment process, and to use this information to operate safely in the laboratory environment.
• developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.

Level one

• CHM1011 Chemistry
• CHM1022 Chemistry
• CHM1031 Chemistry in context I
• CHM1042 Chemistry in context II

Level two

• CHM2911 Synthetic chemistry I
• CHM2922 Spectroscopy and analytical chemistry
• CHM2942 Synthetic chemistry II
• CHM2951 Environmental chemistry - water
• CHM2962 Food chemistry
• CHM2990 Introductory chemical research project

Level three

• CHM3180 Materials chemistry
• CHM3911 Advanced physical chemistry
• CHM3922 Advanced organic chemistry
• CHM3930 Medicinal chemistry
• CHM3941 Advanced inorganic chemistry
• CHM3952 Advanced analytical chemistry
• CHM3960 Environmental chemistry
• CHM3990 Chemistry project

Minor sequence in chemistry (24 points)

• CHM1011 and CHM1022, or CHM1031 and CHM1042
• 12 points of CHM units at level two or three

Major sequence in chemistry (48 points)

• CHM1011 or CHM1031, and CHM1022
• at least 12 points of CHM units at level two
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from CHM units at level two or three, with at least 18 points at level three

Double major sequence in chemistry (72 points)

• CHM1011 or CHM1031, and CHM1022
• at least 12 points of CHM units at level two
• the remaining points of CHM units with least 36 points of CHM units at level three

Requirements for honours in chemistry

CHM2911, CHM2922 and 24 points of level three CHM units including one of CHM3911 and CHM3952, and one of CHM3941 and CHM3922

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

CHM1011 and CHM1022 together are prerequisites for most level-two chemistry units and also the recommended combination to complete a major sequence in chemistry.

The level one sequence of CHM1031 and CHM1042 is only available to students who do not have VCE Chemistry units 3 and 4 (or equivalent). Students who undertake this level one sequence and wish to complete a major sequence in chemistry are required to seek advice (after completing CHM1031) from the level one coordinator in the School of Chemistry regarding their options.

Level two

At least two chemistry units need to be taken at level two to complete a major sequence. Students intending to complete a major sequence in chemistry should note that CHM2911 and CHM2922 must be completed to proceed to honours in chemistry, and that those units are prerequisites for many level-three chemistry units. The level-two program in chemistry is designed to introduce students to many concepts of modern chemistry in a variety of interest areas.

A significant degree of choice exists in chemistry offerings at level two with units providing specialisation in the areas of synthetic, analytical, biological, environmental, food and materials chemistry.

Level three

Depending on the number of chemistry units taken at level two, a minimum of at least three or four units should be completed at level three for a major sequence in chemistry.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Chemistry is the study of substances: their makeup, structure and composition; how they behave; and how they may be measured, harnessed and transformed for useful applications in the worlds of materials, medicine, technology and the environment.

Applied chemistry explores the nature of molecular matter and change by applying the principles of chemistry to practical situations in industry, biotechnology and the environment. It has a strong emphasis on instrumental and analytical techniques.

Both observation and measurement are essential in chemistry. Therefore, all chemistry units involve laboratory work and practice in solving problems in addition to lectures, tutorials and opportunity for oral and written communication.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in applied chemistry students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the major areas of chemistry, and to appreciate the importance of the various areas of chemistry in everyday life
• have developed a deeper understanding of one areas of chemistry that include biological and industrial chemistry, analytical chemistry and environmental chemistry
• have gained proficiency in laboratory techniques and experimental manipulation in various aspects of chemistry
• have gained familiarity with the nature and scope of chemical literature, and experience in literature searching
• be able to communicate scientific information in both oral and in written form
• have gained proficiency in accessing Material Safety and Data Sheets (MSDS), and the use of these in the risk assessment process, and to use this information to operate safely in the laboratory environment
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be prepared for further studies in chemical and allied sciences including undertaking higher research degrees
• be prepared for employment in chemical and related scientific fields.

Level one

• CHM1011 Chemistry
• CHM1022 Chemistry

Level two

• BTH2741 Biochemistry
• CHM2752 Chemistry of the environment
• CHM2762 Design of molecules and macromolecules
• CHM2922 Spectroscopy and analytical chemistry

Level three

• CHM3730 Bioactive chemistry
• CHM3742 Chemistry of aquatic systems and processes
• SCI3990 Science in action research project

Minor sequence in applied chemistry (24 points)

• CHM1011 and CHM1022
• Two of CHM2752, CHM2762, CHM2922, CHM3730 and CHM3742

Major sequence in applied chemistry (48 points)

• CHM1011 and CHM1022
• CHM2762, CHM2922, and one of BTH2741 or CHM2752
• CHM3730, CHM3742 and SCI3990

Requirements for honours in chemistry

24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally chemistry units

Additional information

Students seeking accreditation by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute should contact the school for advice on unit selection.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to the course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in chemistry on the Gippsland campus.

The applied chemistry sequence provides fundamental skills in instrumental and analytical analysis that complement all science discipline sequences.

0050 Bachelor of Science

A significant aspect of scientific enquiry in the 21st century is the use of computational approaches and computational thinking. No contemporary scientist should be without knowledge of the methods of computational science, their potential and their limitations. A minor in computer science provides a general introduction to computing for students whose major interest is in another science discipline. A major is appropriate for those whose main focus is another discipline, but who want to become fully qualified as computational scientists, while a double major is suitable for students who want to specialise in computer science itself.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in computer science students will:

(a.) have an understanding of:

• the breadth of computer science and its applications
• the underpinning of information technology by computer science
• the role of computational methods in 21st century science
• limitations of computational and algorithmic solutions

(b) have knowledge of:

• computational problem solving strategies and methods
• software design and programming
• methods in computational science
• the theoretical basis of computer science
• hardware and software architectures
• important application areas such as artificial intelligence, scientific computation, computer graphics, human-computer interaction, and decision support

(c.) have the ability to:

• systematically analyse problems and develop efficient computational solutions
• specify, design, and analyse algorithms
• design and implement substantial pieces of software
• participate in large-scale projects
• communicate effectively

(d.) have attitudes which enable them to:

• respect the social, ethical, and intellectual responsibilities of their work
• behave in an ethical and professional manner
• recognise the importance of theoretical underpinnings for practical work
• adapt readily to changing technologies
• and participate professionally in industrial research and development.

Level one

• FIT1002 Computer programming
• FIT1008 Introduction to computer science
• FIT1029 Algorithmic problem solving

Level two

• FIT2004 Algorithms and data structures
• FIT2014 Theory of computation

Level three

• FIT3036 Computer science project
• FIT3042 System tools and programming languages
• FIT3088 Computer graphics
• FIT3139 Computational science
• FIT3140 Advanced programming
• FIT3143 Parallel computing
• FIT3080 Intelligent systems
• FIT3144 Advanced computer science project
• MTH3051 Introduction to computational mathematics

Minor sequence in computer science (24 points)

• FIT1002, FIT1029 and FIT1008
• one of FIT2004, FIT2014, or FIT3139

Major sequence in computer science (48 points)

• FIT1002, FIT1029 and FIT1008
• FIT2004 and FIT2014
• FIT3139 and FIT3143
• one of FIT3036, FIT3042, FIT3080, FIT3088, FIT3140, or MTH3051

Double major sequence in computer science (72 points)

• FIT1002, FIT1008 and FIT1029
• FIT2004 and FIT2014
• FIT3139 and FIT3143
• five from FIT3036, FIT3042, FIT3080, FIT3088, FIT3140, and MTH3051

In addition to these requirements, students completing a major sequence in computer science are required to have completed at least 12 points of approved mathematics units.

Requirements for honours in computer science

• 24 points of level three units, with a minimum of 18 points from the level three units listed above.

Additional information

Graduates who have completed at least the 48-point major sequence in computer science are eligible for level-one membership of the Australian Computer Society.

Level one

The sequence of FIT1029, which covers algorithmic problem solving, FIT1002, which covers basic programming skills, and FIT1008, which extends these programming skills and provides a general introduction to computer science, is highly recommended for all students, whether or not they intend to become computer scientists.

The level-one units serve both as a general introduction to computer science and as a prerequisite for further studies. Thus they may be taken either by students wishing to major in computer science or by students whose major interest is in some other branch of science.

Students who are considering completing a major sequence in computer science should also take at least 12 points of approved mathematics units.

Level two

The core level-two units aim to develop a firm foundation in the fundamental concepts of computer science, namely algorithm development and the theory of computation. In addition, the elective level-two units introduce new topics to broaden the student's view of computation and its applications.

Level three

Students intending to complete a major sequence in computer science must take FIT3139, which provides an introduction to computational science, and FIT3143 Parallel computing, a topic highly relevant to computational science, plus one 6-point computer science elective.

FIT3139 Computational science is also recommended for all students of science, whether or not they intend to become computer scientists.

Students intending to proceed to honours should complete at least the 48-point computer science major sequence to ensure they have sufficient breadth to undertake the honours coursework units offered each year.

Honours

Coordinator: Dr Alan Dorin, (Clayton School of Information Technology)

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Developmental biology is one of the most exciting and fast-moving fields in modern biomedical science. It is the discipline concerned with the development of an adult organism from a single cell. The study of developmental biology covers such topics as classical embryology, body structure and design, gene expression and molecular mechanisms of development, organogenesis, causes of birth defects, stem cell biology, regenerative biology and medicine, and tissue engineering. All these aspects are featured in the developmental biology units. Commencing at level two, the concept that the many specialised cell types in the adult human body are derived from a single fertilised egg is introduced. How the body plan is established during embryogenesis, how tissues combine to form organs and how organ systems form the adult body structure are described in lectures and examined in practical classes.

At level three, studies progress to the major molecular and cellular processes that regulate the development of differentiated cells, tissues and organs during embryonic and fetal development, and to what can go wrong in early development leading to congenital abnormalities and/or propensity for long-term adult disease. At level three the diversity of developmental biology research will be introduced including topics such as: the molecular and genetic regulation of organ development and specific transcription factors and post-transcriptional gene regulation in development, identification of tissue-specific stem cells and their roles in development, organ regeneration and cancer, causes of premature birth and the developmental origins of adult health and disease.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in developmental biology students will:

• appreciate the structural diversity of eukaryotic cells
• understand the arrangements of cells and extracellular matrix in primary tissues
• be able to recognise specialised cell types, primary tissues and stages of early human development both in vivo and in vitro
• understand basic micro and macro imaging techniques including aspects of image capture, storage and reproduction
• understand the general anatomy of the human body
• understand the microscopic and macroscopic structure of organs and organ systems
• understand how the general body plan is established in the embryo
• understand the molecular systems that regulate the development of the body
• have a good understanding of the development of the major organs and organ systems, and understand the key molecular events regulating this development
• understand the common birth defects and the mechanisms underlying these developmental abnormalities
• understand the different types of embryonic and adult stem cells, their characteristics and biological potentials
• understand the concept of developmental programming and how this can result in adult disease
• understand how factors, cells and materials can be combined to provide regeneration of diseased tissues and organs
• appreciate a number of the current scientific, ethical and commercial controversies in developmental biology, understand both sides of the arguments, and appreciate both points of view
• understand how new knowledge in developmental biology is obtained
• be able to retrieve, discuss (written and verbal) and understand the latest research findings in the areas above from the electronic and hardcopy literature
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.

Level two

• DEV2011 Early human development from cells to tissues
• DEV2022 Principles of organ and body design

Level three

• DEV3011 Fundamentals of developmental processes
• DEV3022 Developmental pathways to health and disease
• DEV3032 Stem cells and regeneration
• DEV3990 Action in developmental biology research project

Minor sequence in developmental biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• DEV2011 and DEV2022

Minor sequence in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major sequence in developmental biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• DEV2011 and DEV2022
• DEV3011, DEV3022 and any two of DEV3032, DEV3990, BCH3021*, GEN3030*

Note: MOL2011 is a recommended unit for all level three DEV units.

* This unit has compulsory level one and/or level two prerequisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level one and two units listed above.

Requirements for honours in anatomy and developmental biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are developmental biology units

Additional information

Level two

The prerequisite subjects for DEV2011 are BIO1011 or BIO1022.

In order to undertake DEV2022, it is necessary to undertake DEV2011.

MOL2011 is a recommended unit for all level-three DEV units.

Level three

The prerequisite subjects for the third year units DEV3011 and DEV3032 are

DEV2011 and DEV2022.

DEV3011 is a prerequisite for DEV3022.

In order to undertake DEV3990, 12 points of study in the discipline area at second year level and a distinction over 24 points at second year level is required or, under extraordinary circumstances, by permission of the unit convenor or head of department.

BCH3021 and GEN3030 have additional prerequisites at level one and/or level two which are not part of the major sequence in developmental biology.

Honours

Coordinator: Assoc Prof M. Jane Black

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Globally, loss of biodiversity and the associated ecosystem services is reaching crisis levels. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment, the understanding of which is of both fundamental and applied interest. The major sequence in ecology and conservation biology equips students with knowledge of core ecological principles at levels from individuals to ecosystems. Strong emphasis is placed on applying those principles to real-life management issues, particularly in the conservation field. The key goals are to describe and explain pattern and process in the natural world, understand human impacts and devise practical means to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem function.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in ecology and conservation biology students will:

• understand the principles underlying interactions between organisms and their environment, and the application of those principles to conservation management
• be able to apply analytical and practical skills involved in the conduct of ecological studies in terrestrial, marine, or freshwater environments; these are underpinned by basic skills, including the identification of plants and animals, laboratory and field methods for their study, and assessing their relationships with the physical and biotic environment
• have developed analytical and practical management skills, including survey and inventory of biodiversity, ecological measurement, and techniques relevant to biological conservation, from genes to species to ecosystems; these include measurement of genetic and species diversity, adaptive management, risk analysis, and decision-making theory
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be fully prepared for further study, research and employment in ecology and conservation biology or a related area of the biological sciences.

Level one

• BIO1011 Biology I
• BIO1022 Biology II
• BIO1042 Environmental biology

Level two

• BIO2011 Ecology and biodiversity
• BIO2022 Evolution and systematics
• BIO2040 Conservation biology
• BIO2050 Genetics in ecology and conservation
• BIO2181 Evolution of plant diversity
• BIO2231 Animal diversity

Level three

• BIO3011 Research methods in biology
• BIO3021 Marine biology
• BIO3052 Animal behaviour
• BIO3082 Plant global change biology
• BIO3091 Ecology of Australian vegetation
• BIO3111 Ecological management
• BIO3122 Freshwater ecology
• BIO3820 Tropical terrestrial biology
• GEN3062 Evolutionary and ecological genetics

Minor sequence in ecology and conservation biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• any two of BIO2011, BIO2040, BIO3011 or BIO3111

Major sequence in ecology and conservation biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2011, BIO2040 and one of BIO2022, BIO2050, BIO2181 or BIO2231
• BIO3011, BIO3111 and one of BIO3021, BIO3052, BIO3082, BIO3091, BIO3122, BIO3820, or GEN3062

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner/Dr Ross Thompson

Students studying ecology and conservation biology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the structure and evolution of animals, their cellular and molecular composition and the fundamentals of patterns and processes in ecological systems. Examples are drawn from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrae animals to illustrate and explain the participants in ecological communities and their interactions with the environment.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Ross Thompson

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2011 and BIO2040 before proceeding to level three ecology and conservation biology. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major, which provides an understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes which have generated biodiversity through time. Alternatively, completion of the level two zoology units can comprise a minor in the ecology and conservation biology area of study. Level two ecology and conservation biology builds upon first year to examine patterns of biodiversity and the processes that underpin that biodiversity, in addition to ecosystem processes that occur in natural food webs. A strong emphasis is placed on developing the core understanding of plant and animal taxa that make up biodiversity, and the ecological generalities that underpin their occurrence and interactions. Conservation biology emphasises the application of ecological principles and modern genetic approaches to manage species of conservation influence, drawing heavily on examples from Australia and overseas. The teaching in the units available at level two is a combination of lectures and practical activities, including field exercises and laboratory sessions examining live animals and prepared specimens of different kinds. Skills in taxonomic identification are also gained through hands-on practical activities.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Ross Thompson

The final year of the ecology and conservation biology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels. BIO3011 emphasises the practical skills needed to effectively study ecological systems, and is complemented by practical examples in BIO3111. Both core units draw heavily on real examples from conservation and emphasise how the ecological principles taught in second year can be applied to addressing issues of conservation concern. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with time spent in the field directly assessing patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function. Both units are required for completion of the ecology and conservation biology major, along with one or two from a variety of other units offered by the school. These units provide an opportunity for students to pursue particular sub-disciplines including evolutionary and ecological genetics (GEN3062), plant physiology and ecology (BIO3082 Plant responses to the environment and/or BIO3091 Ecology of Australian vegetation), freshwater ecology (BIO3122), marine biology (BIO3021), tropical terrestrial ecology (BIO3820) and animal behaviour (BIO3052).

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Ecology explores the interactions between plants, animals and their habitats. The ecology and environmental management major has a particular focus on understanding ecosystems and ecological processes. Students learn how to apply scientific principles to understand natural systems. This understanding is applied to current questions regarding the past, current and future impacts of human activities on organisms, ecosystems and the environment. Graduates will be well prepared to make appropriate and informed decisions about the management and/or conservation of our environment, its ecosystems and the plants and animals that they support.

Objectives

On completion of the sequence in ecology and environmental management students will:

• have developed an understanding of the role of ecosystems and biodiversity in providing resources for human consumption
• have developed an understanding of the earth's biological and physical resources and the natural cycles which influence and drive these
• be able to apply their understanding of the earth's biological and physical resources to issues of sustainable and integrated natural resources management
• have a knowledge of ecological principles and how they can be used to address current issues in diverse environments including protected areas, production forests, agricultural landscapes, water catchments and, marine environments
• have a knowledge of, and be able to apply, regulations, policies and philosophies relating to a wide range of environmental management issues
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• have an understanding of, and be able to apply, tools, for environmental management, including digital mapping programs
• be suitable for employment, both nationally and internationally, in a range of areas requiring knowledge and skills of environmental management.

Level one

• ENV1711 Ecological systems and the environment
• ENV1722 Geophysical systems and the environment

Level two

• ENV2712 Biology and diversity
• ENV2726 Ecosystems and bioresources
• ENV2792 Environmental modelling

Level three

• BIO3052 Animal behaviour
• BIO3132 Biology of Australian vertebrates
• ENV3639 Minerals and energy
• ENV3711 Natural area management
• ENV3737 Tools for environmental management
• ENV3761 Waste management and remediation
• SCI3990 Science in action research project

Minor sequence in ecology and environmental management (24 points)

• ENV1711 and ENV1722
• two of BIO3052, BIO3132, ENV2712, ENV2726, ENV2792, ENV3639, ENV3711, ENV3737, ENV3761, or SCI3990

Major sequence in ecology and environmental management (48 points)

• ENV1711 and ENV1722
• ENV2712 and ENV2726
• ENV3711 and ENV3737
• two of BIO3052, BIO3132, ENV2792, ENV3639, ENV3761, or SCI3990

Double major sequence in ecology and environmental management (72 points)

• ENV1711 and ENV1722
• ENV2726 and ENV2712
• ENV3711 and ENV3737
• the remaining units from level two and level three units listed above, with at least a total of 36 points at level three.

Requirements for honours in ecology and environmental management

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally ENV and/or BIO units listed above.

Additional information

A major in ecology and environmental management will develop field, laboratory and analytical skills required for employment and/or further studies in this area. Field trips are associated with several units in the major and are designed to provide hands-on experiences in data collection and interpretation. This major can be taken as a double major or studied in conjunction with any other Science major. Chemistry, statistics, microbiology and biochemistry are considered useful co-majors. A major in ecology and environmental management can lead to further studies including honours, masters (by research), Master of Environment and Sustainability (by coursework) and PhD (by research).

Honours

In addition to the requirements above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in ecology and environmental management.

0050 Bachelor of Science

Food science involves the biological, physical and chemical aspects of food and its composition, beginning with harvesting, followed by preparation and ending with consumption. Food technology is the application of food science to the processing of biological materials into food products. The food science and technology major sequence of study enables students to develop an understanding of the fate of agricultural raw materials as they are processed and formulated before being presented to the consumer. It also provides students with an understanding of the technology of food including preservation, processing, packaging and distribution to ensure that the food is safe, nutritious, and wholesome.

Objectives

Upon completion of a major sequence in food science and technology, students will have:

• a knowledge of the principles, concepts and skills relevant to food science and technology, including types of food materials, regional food culture (eg halal foods), and manufacturing processes
• an understanding of the industrial applications of food science and technology, techniques used in research as well as industrial and project management
• skills in qualitative and quantitative laboratory analysis of foods, food processing, quality control, analysis and interpretation of data, and research methods
• developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• an awareness of occupational health and safety issues related to food science and technology
• an appreciation of the role of food science and technology in science and society.

Level one

• CHM1011 Chemistry
• FST1800 Fundamentals of food science

Level two

• BTH2732 Recombinant DNA technology
• BTH2741 Biochemistry
• CHM2922 Spectroscopy and analytical chemistry
• CHM2962 Food chemistry
• FST2810 Food bioprocess technology

Level three

• BTH3711 Food and industrial microbiology
• FST3810 Human nutrition
• FST3820 Food preservation
• FST3830 Functional foods
• FST3840 Food processing
• SCI3716 Laboratory and workplace management
• SCI3990 Science in action research project

Minor sequence in food science and technology (24 points)

• CHM1011 and FST1800
• two of CHM2962, FST2810, FST3810, FST3820, FST3830 and FST3840

Major sequence in food science and technology (48 points)

• CHM1011 and FST1800
• CHM2962 and FST2810
• FST3820 and FST3840, and two of BTH3711, FST3810, FST3830 and SCI3990

Double major sequence in food science and technology (72 points)

• CHM1011 and FST1800
• CHM2962, FST2810, and at least two of BTH2732, BTH2741, CHM2922, or MIC2011
• FST3810, FST3820, FST3830, FST3840, BTH3711, and at least one of SCI3716 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in food science and technology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units chosen from the list of units above

Additional information

Honours

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3530 Bachelor of Science (Food Science and Technology)

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science

NOTE: This area of study has had one or more changes made to it since publication on 1 October 2011. For details of change/s, please consult the change register at http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2012handbooks/2012-change-register.html.

Genetics is the study of genes, their structure, function, transmission and evolution, and encompasses a rich and diverse range of research topics. Genetics lies at the centre of biology because the same basic genetic principles apply to microbes, plants, animals and humans. The genetic code provides the blueprint for life and every aspect of biology, from development, physiology and biochemistry through to behavior and ecology, is ultimately controlled by the products of genes and their interaction with the physical environment. Genetics underpins many exciting areas of science such as biomedical science, biotechnology, conservation biology, and forensics, and graduates with a major in genetics find employment in medical and agricultural research institutes, hospitals, government departments, schools and universities, patent firms, genetic counselling services, forensics laboratories, and biotechnology companies.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in genetics students will:

• have developed an understanding of genetics, its principles, approaches and methodology, at the molecular, cellular, organismal and population levels
• have developed practical skills in experimental methods relevant to genetics, such as: molecular biology techniques involving recombinant DNA technologies; genetic breeding experiments; analysis of transgenic organisms; contemporary genotyping and field sampling methods; a the use of modern laboratory equipment and analysis software; histochemical and cytological techniques
• be familiar with the use of bioinformatics and genomics for contemporary genetic research
• be familiar with the principles of experimental design and culture and manipulation of model genetic organisms
• have developed knowledge and appreciation of the application of genetics in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and environmental management
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be fully prepared for further study, teaching, research and employment in genetic research and the practical applications of genetics.

Level two

• GEN2041 Foundations of genetics
• GEN2052 Human and population genetics

Level three

• GEN3030 Developmental and cellular genetics
• GEN3040 Advanced molecular genetics and its applications
• GEN3051 Medical and forensic genetics
• GEN3062 Evolutionary and ecological genetics
• GEN3990 Genetics in action research project

Minor sequence in genetics (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• 12 points of GEN units at level two or three

Major sequence in genetics (48 points)

• BIO1011 and either BIO1022 or BIO1042
• GEN2041 and GEN2052
• four of GEN3030, GEN3040, GEN3051, GEN3062*, GEN3990, or MOL2011

Major sequence in genetics and molecular biology (48 points):

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022
• GEN3040 and any three of GEN2041, GEN3030, GEN3051*, GEN3062*, or GEN3990

* This unit has compulsory level-two prerequisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level two units that are part of this sequence.

Requirements for honours in genetics

• 24 points of relevant level three units, of which normally 18 points are genetics units.

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner (School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science)

Students studying genetics in their first year will take BIO1011 Biology 1 plus BIO1022 Biology 2 and/or BIO1042 Environmental biology. The focus in first year is to acquire basic knowledge of the inheritance of genes, the structure and expression of genes and the principles of population genetics as a stepping stone to the comprehensive treatment of these subjects provided at level two.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Coral Warr (School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science)

Students wishing to complete a major in genetics must complete the two level two genetics units GEN2041 and GEN2052. Together these units provide a comprehensive grounding in all the concepts needed for the advanced, specialised genetics units offered at level three. Students wishing to complete a major in genetics and molecular biology must complete the level two molecular biology units, MOL2011 and MOL2022, and it is highly recommended they also complete GEN2041. In the level two genetics units students examine in detail how genes interact both with other genes and with environmental factors to control traits. The nature of the 'gene' is explored in detail, including gene regulation, function and mutation. Students explore how the availability of whole genome sequences for numerous organisms allows us to ask how genetic variation in individuals or in populations arises, is maintained, and allows species to change, adapt and evolve. Finally, students are introduced to the basic molecular genetic 'toolkit' that allows researchers to manipulate and study genes in a wide range of genetic model organisms from prokaryotes through to complex multicellular eukaryotes.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Coral Warr (School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science)

In the level three genetics units students investigate specialised areas at the cutting edge of modern genetic research, building on the concepts gained in earlier levels. Studies in GEN3040 examine recent knowledge relating to the details of gene regulation in eukaryotes; explore recent advances arising from whole genome approaches to study gene function and address evolutionary questions; consider applications of recent discoveries in areas of importance to national and international health and also sustainable food production and security. In GEN3030 students investigate how genes and genomes provide the blueprint that so reliably drives the growth and development of organisms from the starting point of a single-celled zygote to the end point of a mature adult with its complex array of different organs and tissues, using the same basic genetic machinery to produce organisms as startlingly diverse as fungi, insects, plants, fish and mammals. GEN3051 examines the role our genes play in human health, development and evolution and how disease can arise due to a mix of genetic defects and environmental influences, and how forensic science exploits our genetic similarities and differences to identify individuals from biological samples and to determine relationships between individuals. In GEN3062 students explore how evolutionary processes shape patterns of biodiversity by focusing on genetic diversity in an ecological context, what it is, how to measure it and how it underpins adaptation and contributes to successful biodiversity. All level three units involve extensive practical work exercises, and for high-achieving students keen to get into a real laboratory, GEN3990 is available, a project-based unit where the student carries out a research project in the laboratory of one of the genetics academic staff.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Geographical science investigates the evolving character of the Earth's biophysical and constructed environment in the past, present and future. It is concerned with spatial processes operating in the landscape such as atmospheric circulation, landform change, vegetation dynamics, human land uses, urbanisation, and economic activity. Geographical science includes interdisciplinary analysis that uses methods and techniques from social and physical sciences to find innovative solutions to environmental problems at different spatial scales.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in geographical science, students will have:

(a.) knowledge of:

• the nature, practice, and application of geographical science
• an advanced level of analysis and techniques in at least one area of geographical science, such as geomorphology, biogeography, climatology, soil science, urban and regional science, and geographic information science

(b.) an understanding of the:

• characteristics of biophysical processes and interactions and environmental change
• roles of human agency in the transformation of the Earth's surface
• complex interdependence of human activities
• spatial reorganisation of economy and society
• rich diversity of geographical approaches concerning the interrelationships of place, people and environment

(c.) the ability to:

• identify, describe, classify, measure, and systematically interpret phenomena through field and laboratory work in at least one area of geographical science
• apply their acquired knowledge to new situations
• formulate and test hypotheses, using relevant methods and techniques
• communicate effectively by using written, oral, visual, and graphic forms for presenting data and analysis
• critically assess and contribute to ongoing debates in at least one area of geographical science

(d.) attributes which enable them to:

• behave in an ethical and professional manner
• recognise the importance of critical thinking for underpinning practice
• recognise the need to keep up with new research and developments in geographical science
• leverage technological change for the benefit of society and environment
• promote sustainability at different geographic scales.

Level one

• ATS1301 Australian physical environments: Evolution, status and management
• ATS1309 The global challenge
• ATS1310 Natural hazards and human vulnerability

Level two

• ATS2545/ATS3545 Environmental hydrology
• ATS2547 Cities and sustainability
• ATS2548 Environmental policy and management
• ATS2628 Power and poverty: International development in a globablised world
• ATS2774 Understanding Australian landscapes: Soil-vegetation dynamics
• ATS2776 Climatology: Land, ecosystems and the atmosphere
• ATS2778 People and places: Social geographies of exclusion
• ATS2779 Climate change and variability
• ATS2780 Geographical analysis

Level three

• ATS3259 Geographical information systems (GIS) for environmental management
• ATS3281 Cultural landscape, environment and sustainability in Italy
• ATS3283 Sharing prosperity: Geographies of work, regional development and economy
• ATS3546 Environmental assessment and decision making
• ATS3552 Remote sensing of the environment
• ATS3553 Field studies in regional sustainability (subject to strict quota)
• ATS3554 Resource evaluation and management
• ATS3787 Research methods in geography, environment and sustainability
• ATS3788 Soils, landscape and their management
• ATS3790 Landscape processes
• ATS3791 Environmental change: Past to future
• ATS3887 Designing urban futures: Urban climate, water and adaptation

Minor sequence in geographical science (24 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and one additional level two unit from the units listed above.

Major sequence in geographical science (48 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and 6 or 12 points of level two ATS units from the list above
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from the level three ATS units from the list above

Double major sequence in geographical science (72 points)

• ATS1310 and one of ATS1301 or ATS1309
• ATS2780 and 6 or 12 points of level two ATS units from the list above
• the remaining points from ATS level two and level three units listed above, with at least 36 points at level three

Requirements for honours in geographical science

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from the level three units listed above.

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

The primary objective of the syllabus of units at level one is to introduce key concepts for understanding the reciprocal links between people and the natural world, and the spatial processes shaping economy, society, and environmental change. No prior studies in geographical science are required to begin study at level one.

A first-level sequence in geographical science consists of two semester units. In first semester, students enrol in ATS1310. In second semester, they may choose either ATS1301 or ATS1309. Students planning a comprehensive introduction to geographical science may take all three units.

Students in course 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science (only) may substitute ENV1011 Planet earth and its environment: The cosmic connection and ENV1022 Australian physical environments: Evolution, status and management for level one units in any sequence in geographical science.

Level two

The syllabus at level two permits students to select from a variety of sub-fields in geographical science. The satisfactory completion of a minor sequence in geographical science equips students with an understanding of the complex interdependence of human activities and diversity of geographical approaches concerning the interrelationships of place, people and environment.

Level three

At level three, students elect to enrol in one or more of the main systematic fields which are intended to challenge them with appropriate advanced material and to intensify their familiarity with the purpose and practice of original research work. To obtain a major in geographical science, students would normally complete 24 points at level three.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Geosciences is a multidisciplinary science that seeks to understand the Earth's dynamic systems. The geosciences program provides students with an insight into both present-day processes and how the Earth has changed over geological time, including an understanding of how its chemical, physical and biological systems (eg plate tectonics, volcanoes, mountain belts, ocean basins, earthquakes, groundwater and surface water, the biosphere and the atmosphere) are interrelated, and how they have shaped the planet on which we live. Additionally, units in environmental geosciences, mineral and petroleum exploration, and geophysics provide training in applied geosciences, teaching students about sustainable use of the Earth's resources. Specialty streams within the geosciences include geology, environmental geosciences, geophysics, geochemistry, volcanology and palaeontology. In addition, the discipline draws on, and has links with, numerous allied sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, geographical science, information technology, mathematics and atmospheric science.

The core geosciences program examines the major geological processes on planet Earth within a plate tectonic framework. All units are multidisciplinary and reflect both the broad scope and the interaction between the different Earth systems. Further, the units develop transferable skills such as logical thinking, data manipulation, problem solving, team building, research and communication. Careers in geosciences are varied and include mining and mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, marine science, groundwater and surface water resource management, teaching, geological engineering and geotechnical surveys, environmental consulting, and geological survey work. There are also opportunities for geosciences research and development in the university, government, and private sectors. Additionally, the transferable skills developed are in wide demand within the science and non-science sectors of the economy.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in geosciences, the student will have gained a basic understanding and appreciation of the major disciplines in Earth sciences, including: plate tectonics and mountain building; erosion, weathering and sedimentation; igneous and metamorphic processes; palaeontology and biostratigraphy; hydrogeology; environmental geosciences; geophysics; radiometric dating; and the composition and origins of the solar system.

In addition the students will gain a detailed understanding of:

• the main geological processes, and how they have controlled the evolution of the Earth's core, mantle, crust, landforms, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere throughout its history
• geological timescales, and the various rates at which natural processes operate
• the major geological hazards (volcanoes, earthquakes, mass wasting) and the nature and limitations of hazard prediction and monitoring
• the Earth's natural resources (minerals, fossil fuels, water), their nature and origin and techniques for exploration
• physical and chemical hydrogeology in both natural and impacted groundwater systems
• how the fossil record helps constrain major past environmental changes
• natural vs anthropogenic impacts to climate and the global environment
• the applications geophysics, remote sensing, and geographic information system techniques to mineral exploration, environmental change, and hazard monitoring.

Fieldwork is a key part of this sequence. Most units incorporate some fieldwork and it is a significant component of ESC2111, ESC2122, ESC2132, ESC3170, ESC3180 and ESC3411. The field component leads to a direct understanding of the workings of the Earth, and how different processes (eg tectonics, volcanology, sedimentation, and environmental change) are all linked.

Studies in geosciences include lecture, practical, and field-based teaching and the student will also gain training in a number of generic skills such as:

• generic field-based observational skills
• effective communication
• quantitative literacy
• information and communication literacy
• inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.

Completion of an appropriate program of study will prepare students for both postgraduate studies and employment in earth science or related science fields.

Level one

• ESC1011 Planet Earth and its environment: The cosmic connection
• ESC1022 Planet Earth: Dynamic systems, environmental change and resources

Level two

• ESC2032 The dynamic biosphere: Changing fauna through geological time
• ESC2111 The dynamic Earth I: Building of continents and the environment
• ESC2122 The dynamic Earth II: Global processes
• ESC2132 Field geology

Level three

• ESC3162 Ore deposit geology and global metallogeny
• ESC3170 Field geology of New Zealand
• ESC3180 Field mapping
• ESC3190 Hydrogeology and environmental geoscience
• ESC3200 Earth sciences project
• ESC3201 Deformation and metamorphism of the crust
• ESC3232 The dynamic biosphere: Changing fauna and flora through geological time
• ESC3311 Geophysics: Regional mapping
• ESC3332 Global dynamics and crustal evolution
• ESC3340 Geophysics: Special topics
• ESC3411 Sediments, basins and resources
• ESC3421 Volcanology, igneous petrology and geochemistry

Minor sequence in geosciences (24 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• the remaining 12 points from the ESC units at level two or three

Major sequence in geosciences (48 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• ESC2111 and ESC2122
• the remaining 24 points from the ESC units at level two or three, including at least 18 points at level three

Double major sequence in geosciences (72 points)

• ENV1011 or ESC1011, and ESC1022
• ESC2111 and ESC2122
• the remaining 48 points from the ESC units at level two or three, including at least 36 points at level three

Requirements for honours in geosciences

• At least 24 points of ESC units at level three including two of ESC3201, ESC3411 and ESC3421.

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

Students in course 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science (only) may use ENV1011 Planet earth and its environment: The cosmic connection and ENV1022 Australian physical environments: Evolution, status and management as a level one ESC sequence for a major or a minor sequence in geosciences.

First year students studying geosciences should include the 12-point combination ESC1011/ENV1011 and ESC1022 along with SCI1020 Introduction to statistical reasoning or STA1010 Statistical methods for science, and at least one of chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, computational science or geographical science. Students aiming to specialise in palaeontology should also take units from biological sciences. Similarly those with interests in environmental science are advised to take two of biology, chemistry and geographical science, while those with interests in geophysics are advised to take physics and/or mathematics.

ESC1011 is of interest to students seeking a broad overview of earth and environmental sciences. ESC1022 provides a continued overview of geosciences, in particular the processes that have shaped the Earth's crust through its evolution.

Both ESC1011/ENV1011 and ESC1022 have one-day field trips to sites of geological significance.

Level two

Students planning to complete a major in geosciences are required to complete ESC2111 and ESC2122. Other units offered at level two are paleontology unit ESC2032 and the Buchan field trip ESC2132.

In the second year of the geosciences curriculum, students will gain a firm understanding of global-scale geological processes, including plate tectonics, mountain building and sedimentation, mineral science, and volcanism. In addition to lecture and laboratory-based exercises, students will participate in several field-based activities that will sharpen their skills of data collection and interpretation of both small and large-scale geological structures.

In ESC2111, students will learn to interpret past geo-tectonic environments by deciphering stratigraphic and structural elements preserved in mountain belts and sedimentary basins. Because most of our planet is made of minerals, students will delve increasingly into the relationships between the structure, chemistry, physical and optical properties of minerals in ESC2122. Students will explore these concepts through laboratory exercises on crystal morphology and symmetry, optical mineralogy, and electron microscopy. An introduction to groundwater movement and quality emphasising its use and abuse by humans is also treated in ESC2122. Groundwater topics include predicting flow patterns, interactions with surface water, well drilling and pumping, groundwater contamination and remediation, and distribution of groundwater resources throughout Australia. In ESC2132, students will study the principles and practices of geological field mapping. They will quantify the deformation that occurs within Earth by measuring a variety of rock structures and discuss interpretations of the deformation patterns in the context of plate tectonics. Students may also elect to study how life on Earth has changed with time in the unit ESC2032. In this class students will learn to think in terms of the time scale of the Earth, which is more than 4.5 billion years old.

Students planning to complete a major in geosciences are required to complete ESC2111 and ESC2122; ESC2132 is also strongly recommended.

At least one other coherent package of 12 points at level two from another area of study (chemistry, physics, mathematics and statistics, biological sciences, computational science, geographical science) should be taken.

ESC2032, ESC2111, ESC2122, ESC2132 are also available to students wishing to take them as independent units to support other studies. Students not intending to proceed to level-three studies in geosciences may take any combination of level-two geosciences units.

Geophysics involves the application of physics, mathematics and computer methods to the investigation of the Earth's interior. Students who intend to major in geosciences are strongly advised to discuss their program with relevant members of staff.

Level three

The level-three program in geosciences consists of several 6-point units in geology, geophysics and environmental geosciences that may be taken in any combination depending on the student's interests and the units completed at level two. Students interested in continuing with geosciences at honours or masters level or becoming professional geologists, geophysicists or environmental geoscientists should take 48 points of level three geoscience units. Students wishing to undertake honours or course 0054 Master of Science Preliminary in geosciences must complete at least 24 points of level three ESC units, including at least two of ESC3201, ESC3411 and ESC3421. Students wishing to complete a major in geosciences but not to progress to honours may take any combination of level three ESC units. Students should choose units with regard to their interests, experience and future aspirations. Advice on suitable combinations of units for various geosciences streams is available from the School of Geosciences and all students are urged to seek advice before choosing sequences of units. Students interested in the geosciences project unit (ESC3200) must obtain permission from the third-year coordinator before enrolling.

Students interested in geophysics should combine the level three units ESC3410, ESC3311, and ESC3332 with other level-three units from geosciences, mathematics or physics.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

NOTE: This area of study has had one or more changes made to it since publication on 1 October 2011. For details of change/s, please consult the change register at http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2012handbooks/2012-change-register.html.

The immune system is central to many key areas of health and disease. It provides the host with a highly sophisticated strategy for defence against invading micro-organisms including viruses, bacteria and larger parasites but is also responsible for allergies, autoimmunity and rejection of tissue transplants. The study of immunology provides a framework for examining how our immune system is structured and generated and how it provides defences against foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of the immune system leads to vaccine development and also therapy of immune disorders such as allergy, autoimmunity and transplant rejection. There is also evidence that the immune system can target cancer cells and thus has an important and fundamental role in maintaining host health and homeostasis.

Evidence of the importance of the immune system is abundant. It is the basis of vaccination against common pathogens that cause diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis, cervical cancer etc, so we are protected upon future exposure. Allergic diseases such as hay fever and asthma are examples of diseases associated with dysregulation of the immune response, as are autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In transplantation of tissues such as heart, lung and kidney, the immune system must to be controlled to prevent rejection. These are examples of immunity in our everyday lives and for which there are still questions and problems to overcome to improve treatments.

Knowledge of the mechanisms for coordination and regulation of the immune system is an exciting and rapidly advancing frontier in many areas of human health. A better understanding of how the immune system functions, and can be manipulated, will have major implications for many research areas such as improving vaccine development for diseases such as AIDS, influenza, malaria and cancer as well as devising targeted cures for autoimmune diseases and allergy, overcoming immunodeficiencies and preventing tissue rejection following transplantation.

An understanding of immunology complements a number of branches of biomedical science such as pathology, biochemistry and microbiology.

Objectives

Immunology sequence

On completion of the major sequence in immunology students will be able to:

• define the structural and cellular components of the immune system
• describe in detail how the immune system generates specificity and diversity
• describe the cellular and molecular interactions and regulation of the immune response
• apply knowledge of immune defences to host control of pathogenic infections
• define the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of disorders associated with an excessive, defective or unwarranted immune response
• demonstrate proficiency in immunological techniques
• plan, execute and report a mini-research project
• demonstrate graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.

Immunology and human pathology sequence

On completion of the major sequence in immunology and human pathology, students will be able to:

• define the key structural and cellular components of the immune system
• describe how the immune system generates specificity and diversity
• describe mechanisms for regulation of the immune response
• apply knowledge of immune defences to host control of pathogenic infections
• understand and describe the principles of immunological techniques
• understand and describe basic pathological processes
• recognise and describe pathological changes associated with inflammatory, immunological, vascular and neoplastic diseases
• understand and describe tissue pathology associated with important diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, urinary, haematopoietic, female and male genital systems
• demonstrate proper use the microscope to identify normal and abnormal tissue histology
• demonstrate skills in problem solving relating to specific diseases and disease processes and be able to relate these to the clinical presentation
• demonstrate graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.

Level two

• IMM2011 Basic immunology: The body's defence system
• IMM2022 Immunology in health and disease

Level three

• HUP3011 Human pathology 1: Understanding disease processes
• HUP3022 Human pathology 2: Pathology of human diseases
• IMM3031 Molecular and cellular immunology
• IMM3042 Clinical immunopathology
• IMM3051 Principles of applied immunology
• IMM3062 Clinical and research laboratory immunology
• IMM3990 Immunology in action research project

Minor sequence in immunology (24 points)

• BIO1022 and one of CHM1011, CHM1031 or CHM1022
• IMM2011 and IMM2022

Major sequence in immunology (48 points)

• BIO1022 and one of CHM1011, CHM1031 or CHM1022
• IMM2011 and IMM2022
• IMM3031, IMM3042, IMM3051 and one of IMM3062 or IMM3990

Major sequence in human pathology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and one of DEV2022* or IMM2022*
• HUP3011 and HUP3022
• two of DEV3022, BCH3021, BCH3042, IMM3042, MIC3022, MIC3032 or MIC3041

Major sequence in immunology and human pathology (48 points)

• BIO1022 and one of CHM1011, CHM1031 or CHM1022
• IMM2011 and IMM2022
• HUP3011*, HUP3022, and two of IMM3031, IMM3042, IMM3051, IMM3062 or IMM3990 (but not IMM3062 and IMM3990)

Double major sequence in immunology and microbiology (72 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022, or 12 points of level one chemistry
• IMM2011, IMM2022, MIC2011 and MIC2022
• IMM3031, IMM3042, and one of IMM3051, IMM3062 or IMM3990
• MIC3032, MIC3041, and one of MIC3011, MIC3022 or MIC3990

Details of the BCH, DEV, GEN, MIC, MOL and PHY units, and some related sequences, are described in the 'biochemistry and molecular biology', 'developmental biology', 'genetics', 'microbiology' and 'physiology' entries in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

* Note: DEV2022 and MOL2011 are prerequisites for HUP3011; DEV2011 is a prerequisite for DEV2022; and IMM2011 is a prerequisite for IMM2022.

Requirements for honours in immunology and medical biology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from units listed above

Additional information

Level two

An introduction to immunity and the immune system is offered through the semester one, level two unit (IMM2011). A second semester unit (IMM2022) provides students with exposure to key areas of immunity and the role that the immune system plays in health and disease. Together, these units provide a foundation in Immunology leading into level three units or grounding in immunological principles that may be useful across many areas of biological science.

Level three

The Department of Immunology offers five immunology units at level three. In each semester, students can take one theory-based immunology unit (IMM3031/IMM3042) and one practical-based unit (IMM3051/IMM3062) or research-based unit (IMM3990). Together, these units provide an excellent coverage of all aspects of immunology, and students will be well equipped to undertake a career in research, applied or diagnostic immunology.

Honours

The honours program is offered by the Department of Immunology and affiliated institutes. In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

The Faculty of Information Technology offers a major sequence in information technology which can be included as a science sequence for course 0050 Bachelor of Science. The sequence focuses on the development of computer-based applications, exploring computer technology, programming environments and system development, with a range of more specialised options at level three.

Objectives

On completion of the sequence in information technology students will have an understanding of:

• the methods, tools and techniques used in the planning, development and implementation of information products and systems
• the organisation and operational principles of computer hardware and software.

Students will also have the abilities and skills to:

• apply the methods, tools and techniques commonly used in the development and implementation of information products and systems to practical problems
• develop correct, well structured and well documented information products and systems that solve users' needs
• flexibly and independently apply theoretical knowledge to a range of software and technical environments
• use a range of approaches for development of information products, services and systems
• think critically, take responsibility for self-learning, and use a degree of resourcefulness when solving problems.

The units comprising the sequence are taught in Australia (in both on campus and off campus modes), and at Sunway and South Africa, with each location contributing to overall content and teaching design to ensure that the curriculum is genuinely relevant to students from all nations.

Level one

• FIT1002 Computer programming
• FIT1004 Data management
• FIT1031 Computers and networks

Level two

• FIT2001 Systems development
• FIT2009 Data structures and algorithms
• FIT2034 Computer programming 2

Level three

• FIT3002 Applications of data mining
• FIT3031 Information and network security
• FIT3046 Operating environments

Minor sequence in information technology (24 points)

• FIT1031 and FIT1002
• FIT2034, and FIT2009 or FIT2001

Major sequence in information technology (48 points)

• FIT1031 and FIT1002
• FIT2001, FIT2009 and FIT2034
• FIT3002, FIT3046 and FIT3031

Note: Students will also be required to complete FIT1004 as a co-requisite for FIT2001.

Requirements for honours in information technology

A student may be admitted to candidature for course 3336 Honours degree of Bachelor of Information Technology and Systems (offered by the Faculty of Information Technology) if they have satisfied the requirements of a relevant pass degree (including 0050 Bachelor of Science) and obtained a credit (60 per cent) average or above in all units with a distinction (70 per cent) in third year information technology units.

0050 Bachelor of Science

A large proportion of the world's living resources are found in aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, rivers and oceans, that comprise the vast majority of the habitable space on Earth. Marine and freshwater biology is the study of the plant and animal life in these aquatic environments, to acquire a fundamental understanding of the diversity of living organisms that inhabit these systems, the organisms' structure and function and the interactions between them and the non-living components. Marine and freshwater biology also investigates the dynamics of marine and freshwater ecosystems, to understand the role of humans in disturbing and exploiting aquatic habitats. Such a knowledge base equips us to understand life processes in marine and freshwater environments and is relevant to many careers associated with managing these essential ecosystems. Examples of careers available to students who study marine and freshwater biology include agricultural research, biotechnology, ecological and environmental consulting, marine science, government departments (eg sustainability, primary industries and fisheries), university research and teaching. Studying marine and freshwater biology at Monash University begins with general biology at first year, where the basics of ecology, animal and plant biology are covered. It is followed in second year by studies of ecology and biodiversity as well as plant and animal diversity. In third year there is specific focus on marine biology and freshwater ecology, with a major emphasis on practical and field work. Other units on ecology and environmental management complement the development of a broader understanding of the role and importance of marine and freshwater biology in our world.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in marine and freshwater biology students will:

• understand the biological structure and ecological processes that characterise marine and freshwater environments including diversity, ecology and eco-physiology of marine and freshwater organism, dynamics of energy and nutrient fluxes and trophic interactions
• have practical skills in experimental methods relevant to marine and freshwater biology, which may include plant and animal identification, plant and animal physiology techniques, and ecological field methods including those that are pertinent to management issues associated with aquatic resource management
• be familiar with principles of experimental design and data collection and interpretation
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be fully prepared for further study, teaching, research and employment in one of these areas of biological sciences.

Level one

• BIO1011 Biology I
• BIO1022 Biology II
• BIO1042 Environmental biology

Level two

• BIO2011 Ecology and biodiversity
• BIO2181 Evolution of plant diversity
• BIO2231 Animal diversity

Level three

• BIO3011 Research methods in biology
• BIO3021 Marine biology
• BIO3082 Plant global change biology
• BIO3111 Ecological management
• BIO3122 Freshwater ecology

Major sequence in marine and freshwater biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2011 and at least one of BIO2181 or BIO2231
• BIO3021 and BIO3122, and the remaining one or two units from BIO3011, BIO3082 or BIO3111

Requirements for honours in marine and freshwater biology

BIO3011, BIO3021, BIO3122 and a relevant 6 point level-three unit.

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner (School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science)

Students studying marine and freshwater biology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the biological processes that living organisms undergo, as well as the environmental challenges and biological solutions that are fundamental to life. This knowledge enables a deeper understanding of the ecological processes and structure and function of plants and animals in aquatic systems that are encountered in later years of study.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Richard Reina (School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science)

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2011 which will introduce the principles of ecological relationships between living organisms. In addition, BIO2231 and/or BIO2181 must be completed in order to gain an understanding of the diversity of animals and plants in our world, many of which inhabit aquatic environments. All of these units have a focus on practical work to complement lecture material. Skills in these practical aspects are important for study of marine and freshwater biology at a more advanced level.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Richard Reina (School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science)

The final year of the marine and freshwater biology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels and continues it in BIO3021 and BIO3122 both of which are required for the major. In these units students examine the marine and freshwater environments in greater detail, to understand the cycling of nutrients, ecological relationships, plant and animal biology, trophic structure and interspecific interactions in these aquatic systems. There is particular focus on fieldwork, with the practical component of both of these units involving project work to design experiments, collect and analyse data. This fieldwork includes tropical marine biology at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, temperate marine biology at Queenscliff, Victoria and freshwater ecology in streams and rivers of central and eastern Victoria. One or two other level three units must be included in the major, chosen from BIO3011, BIO3082 and BIO3111.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

NOTE: This area of study has had one or more changes made to it since publication on 1 October 2011. For details of change/s, please consult the change register at http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2012handbooks/2012-change-register.html.

We are in a materials revolution, the way of the future. The ability to understand and manipulate materials and their properties is often a key factor in industrial processes or technologies. Materials science looks at different types of materials (metals, polymers, ceramics, glasses and composites) and the fundamental reasons for the astounding range of properties displayed. The discipline is intended for science students who seek an understanding of the structure and properties of solid materials and the relationships between them. Studies in materials science are offered by the Department of Materials Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering. Throughout a major in materials science, structure property relationships are studied among all classes of materials (metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses and composites), and the contents of individual units focus on an understanding of microstructure and properties, materials synthesis, and their technological significance. In addition, nanomaterials and biomaterials are becoming important parts of existing industries, and leading to the creation of many new ones. Materials science is crucial in all of these enterprises.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in materials science students will:

• have a clear understanding of how materials science knowledge is constructed, and appreciate the importance of certain materials in everyday life and in manufacturing technology
• have an understanding of fundamental aspects involved in the microstructure of all classes of materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) at all scales from the macro to the nano
• be able to apply this knowledge of material properties to their functionality in devices
• have an understanding of techniques used in the characterisation of materials and an appreciation of the limitations of such techniques at the experimental level
• have acquired computational and IT skills, an ability to plan experiments, and experimental skills
• have some exposure to the 'real world' of materials science through visits to materials industry and/or laboratories
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• know the key principles underlying Occupational Health and Safety in laboratory practice
• have a foundation for further learning in materials science and related disciplines, for employment requiring analytical, quantitative and experimental skills.

Level one

• ENG1050 Engineering materials

Level two

• MTE2541 Nanostructure of materials
• MTE2542 Microstructural development
• MTE2544 Functional materials

Level three

• MTE3541 Materials durability
• MTE3542 Microstructural design in structural materials
• MTE3545 Functional materials and devices
• MTE3547 Materials characterisation and modelling

Minor sequence in materials science (24 points)

• two of ENG1050, PHS1011 (or PHS1080), PHS1022, CHM1011 or CHM1022
• MTE2541 and MTE2542

Major sequence in materials science (48 points)

• a minor sequence in materials science
• any four of MTE2544, MTE3541, MTE3542, MTE3545, MTE3547

Requirements for honours in materials science

• Distinction level average in 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which at least 18 points are materials science units

Additional information

A major in materials science can be combined with a wide range of other majors, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, or another option. For example, students with an interest in biomaterials may choose to combine materials science with a physiology major. A materials science major commences at level two. A major in materials science will equip graduates with the skills and attributes necessary to commence a career in areas as varied as the development of a new process or product, fundamental research, or work in industrial production facilities. The program provides a broad foundation in all areas of materials, recognising the diverse future careers of graduates given the above-mentioned broad variety of other majors possible.

Level two

The three level-two units have no formal prerequisite requirements from level one but students must have successfully completed at least 36 points of units at level one before they may enrol in any science unit at level two. It is recommended that at least one mathematics units is undertaken at level two. MTE2541 and MTE2542 are core units, as outlined above.

Level three

Four 6-point units are offered at level three, and these generally comprise 32 hours of lectures and tutorials and a weekly practical session.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Mathematical techniques and models form a significant component of nearly all branches of modern science. Mathematics is also an important discipline in its own right, and encompasses the formal study of numerical, algebraic and analytical structures, the development of quantitative methods essential for the practice and development of science, engineering, economics and other fields, and the development and utilisation of mathematical and numerical models in various contexts.

The mathematics and modelling minor sequence provides a grounding in mathematical techniques relevant to modelling and problem analysis, spanning continuous mathematics and deterministic modelling.

Objectives

On completion of the minor sequence in mathematics and modelling, students will:

• have achieved an understanding of a range of basic mathematical concepts and techniques relevant to scientific modelling and problem analysis
• have achieved an understanding of basic techniques of single variable and multivariable calculus, linear algebra and differential equations
• have developed an appreciation of the relevance of mathematics to various fields of activity
• have developed basic modelling, problem solving and critical thinking skills
• have developed skills in the effective use of mathematical computer software
• be prepared for a range of further training avenues in mathematics and related disciplines
• be equipped for employment in areas requiring analytical and quantitative skills.

Level one

• MTH1020 Analysis of change
• MTH1030 Techniques for modelling
• STA1010 Statistical methods for science

Level two

• ENV2792 Mathematical models of the environment
• MTH2010 Multivariable calculus
• STA2216 Applied statistics 2A

Minor sequence in mathematics and modelling (24 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and STA1010
• two units from ENV2792, MTH2010, STA2216

Requirements for honours in mathematics

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally mathematics units. Level three mathematics units and an honours program in mathematics are only available on the Clayton campus.

Additional information

The mathematics and modelling minor sequence combines well with all science sequences, assisting students to develop skills in logic and analytical thinking as well as providing specific skills in problem solving, modelling and data analysis.

First level units provide essential foundation knowledge for upper level studies. Students may then select second level units according to their needs and interests. Students planning to take third level mathematics units offered from the Clayton campus must include MTH1030 at first level and MTH2010 at second level.

0050 Bachelor of Science

NOTE: This area of study has had one or more changes made to it since publication on 1 October 2011. For details of change/s, please consult the change register at http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2012handbooks/2012-change-register.html.

Mathematics and statistics encompass the formal study of numerical, algebraic and analytical structures, the development of quantitative methods essential for the practice and development of science, engineering, economics and other fields, and the development and utilisation of mathematical and numerical models in various contexts.

Applied mathematics and computational mathematics deal with the application of techniques and models to the solutions of problems from many branches of modern science, engineering, information technology and commerce.

Pure mathematics deals with the abstract, the rigour and the beauty of perfection. Although pure mathematics constructions are motivated by reasons other than applications, such constructions often become the basis for applied mathematics to solve the most concrete problems.

Statistics is the branch of mathematics that captures the interplay of data and theory. Applied and mathematical statistics combine to extract useful knowledge from data. Mathematical statistics develops the methodology, while applied statistics exploits the theory to learn from real-life information. The use of statistics is constantly expanding, and a sound knowledge of the discipline is important even for those who do not complete a major sequence in the area.

There are cross links between statistics and pure and applied mathematics, and this is reflected in the mix of units students can choose from to complete a major or double major sequence.

Objectives

On completion of any of the major sequences in mathematics students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of how mathematical knowledge is constructed, and developed an appreciation of the importance of mathematical sciences in every part of their lives
• have developed skills in the effective use of mathematical computer software and spreadsheets
• have developed skills in the written and oral presentation of a mathematical argument
• be prepared for a range of further learning and training, including honours, in the sequence studied
• have developed problem solving and critical thinking skills
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be suitable for employment, both national and international, in a range of areas requiring analytical and quantitative skills.

In addition:

(a.) students completing the major sequence in mathematics will:

• have achieved an understanding of the basic single, multivariable and vector calculus, linear algebra, and probability topics
• have acquired an insight into some other broad areas of mathematics and application of mathematics such as pure mathematics, statistics, scientific computing, atmospheric science and astrophysics
• have learned a number of higher level mathematical methods and their applications in science, medicine, economics and engineering

(b.) students completing the major sequence in computational mathematics will:

• have achieved an understanding of the basic single variable, multivariable and vector calculus, linear algebra, and computer programming topics
• have acquired an insight into some other broad areas of computational mathematics and application of computational mathematics such as applied mathematics and scientific computing
• have learned a number of higher level computational methods and their applications in science and engineering

(c.) students completing the major sequence in pure mathematics will:

• have achieved an understanding of the basic single variable, multivariable and vector calculus, linear algebra and discrete mathematics
• have acquired an insight into some broad areas of pure mathematics and their development such as in algebra, geometry and analysis
• have learned a number of higher level pure mathematics and their development in algebra, geometry and analysis

(d.) students completing the major sequence in applied mathematics will:

• have achieved an understanding of the basic single variable, multivariable and vector calculus differential equations, computational methods and linear algebra topics
• have acquired an insight into at least one area of application of those methods
• be able to apply a variety of higher level mathematical methods to solve problems in science, engineering and economics

(e.) students completing the major sequence in mathematical statistics will:

• have achieved an understanding of the basic single variable, multivariable and vector calculus, linear algebra, mathematical statistics and probability topics
• have acquired an insight into the area of mathematical statistics and its applications in the handling of statistical data and financial mathematics

(f.) students completing the double major sequence in financial and insurance mathematics will:

• have achieved an understanding of the basic single variable, multivariable and vector calculus, linear algebra, and probability topics
• have acquired an insight into the area of mathematical statistics and its use in handling statistical data and financial mathematics
• be able to understand and implement the inferential technique of maximum likelihood and to have developed an appreciation of the associated asymptotic distribution theory
• have developed an understanding of random processes such as Markov chains, branching processes, random walks, the Brownian motion and diffusions and be able to apply them in modelling real life processes, and financial and risk models
• have developed an understanding of the concepts of arbitrage and fair games and their relevance to finance and insurance
• have developed an understanding of the concepts of conditional expectation and martingales and their relation to the pricing of financial derivatives
• have acquired the skills needed to describe the time series and distributional features of financial data and to specify, estimate and test asset pricing models.

Level one

• MAT1830 Discrete mathematics for computer science
• MTH1000 Special topics in mathematics
• MTH1010 Functions and their applications
• MTH1020 Analysis of change
• MTH1030 Techniques for modelling
• MTH1035 Techniques for modelling (advanced)
• MTH2010 Multivariable calculus
• STA1010 Statistical methods for science

Level two

• ASP2062 Introduction to astrophysics
• ATM2020 Climate dynamics of the atmosphere and oceans
• ATM2030 Clouds, weather and forecasting
• MTH2000 Mathematics research project level 2
• MTH2010 Multivariable calculus
• MTH2015 Multivariable calculus (advanced)
• MTH2021 Linear algebra with applications
• MTH2032 Differential equations with modelling
• MTH2051 Introduction to computational mathematics
• MTH2121 Algebra and number theory
• MTH2132 The nature and beauty of mathematics
• MTH2140 Real analysis
• MTH2222 Mathematics of uncertainty
• MTH2232 Mathematical statistics

Level three

• ASP3012 Stars and galaxies
• ASP3051 Relativity and cosmology
• ATM3040 Physical meteorology
• ATM3050 Dynamical meteorology
• MTH3000 Mathematics research project level 3
• MTH3011 Partial differential equations
• MTH3020 Complex analysis and integral transforms
• MTH3051 Introduction to computational mathematics
• MTH3060 Advanced ordinary differential equations
• MTH3110 Differential geometry
• MTH3121 Algebra and number theory
• MTH3140 Real analysis
• MTH3150 Algebra and number theory II
• MTH3160 Analysis and topology
• MTH3230 Time series and random processes in linear systems
• MTH3241 Random processes in the sciences and engineering
• MTH3251 Financial mathematics
• MTH3360 Fluid dynamics

The units MTH1035 and MTH2015 are advanced versions of MTH1030 and MTH2010, respectively. For the purpose of sequence requirements listed below, MTH1030 and MTH2010 can be replaced by their corresponding advanced version.

Minor sequence in mathematics (24 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830, MTH1000 or STA1010
• MTH2010 (if not already taken at level one)
• the remaining 6 or 12 points from MTH2021, MTH2032, MTH2051, MTH2121, MTH2140 and MTH2222

Minor sequence in statistics (24 points)

• MTH1030 and MTH2010
• MTH2222 and MTH2232

Major sequence in mathematics (48 points)

• a minor sequence in mathematics
• at least one of MTH3011, MTH3051, MTH3110, MTH3140
• the remaining 18 points from the MTH units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Double major sequence in mathematics (72 points)

• a major sequence in mathematics
• the remaining 24 points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Major sequence in applied mathematics (48 points)

• completion of a minor sequence in mathematics that includes MTH2032
• MTH2021 (if not already taken)
• at least three units from MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060, MTH3360, ASP3012, ASP3051 or ATM3050 including at least two of MTH3011, MTH3051 and MTH3060
• any remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above

Double major sequence in applied mathematics (72 points)

• a minor sequence in mathematics that includes MTH2032
• MTH2021 (if not already taken)
• at least six units (36pts) from MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051, MTH3060, MTH3360, ASP3012, ASP3051, ATM3040, ATM3050 or MTH3251 including at least three (18pts) of MTH3011, MTH3020, MTH3051 and MTH3060
• any remaining points from the MTH, ATM and ASP units at level two and three listed above

Major sequence in computational mathematics (48 points)

• FIT1029 and MTH1030
• MTH2010 and MTH2032
• MTH3060 and MTH2051 or MTH3051
• two of MTH2021, MTH3011, or MTH3020
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Major sequence in pure mathematics (48 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830 or MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already taken at level one) and MTH2021
• MTH2140 or MTH3140, and MTH2121 or MTH3121
• the remaining 12 or 18 points from MTH2222, MTH3110, MTH3150, MTH3160, MTH3011, MTH3020 and MTH3230
• a total of at least 18 points at level three

Double major sequence in pure mathematics (72 points)

• MTH1020 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and one of MAT1830 or MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already taken at level one) and MTH2021
• MTH2140 or MTH3140, and MTH2121 or MTH3121
• the remaining points from MTH2222, MTH3000, MTH3110, MTH3150, MTH3160, MTH3011, MTH3020 and MTH3230
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Major sequence in mathematical statistics (48 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2222, MTH2232, and one of MTH2010, MTH2021 or MTH2140 (MTH2010 must be included if not already taken in level one)
• Any three of ETC3400, MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251

Double major sequence in mathematics and mathematical statistics (72 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed in level one), MTH2222, MTH2232
• Any three of ETC3400, MTH3230, MTH3241 and MTH3251
• the remaining units from level two and level three units listed above
• a total of at least 36 points at level three

Double major sequence in financial and insurance mathematics (72 points)

• either STA1010 and MTH1030, or MTH1030 and MTH2010, or MTH1030 and MTH1000
• MTH2010 (if not already completed in level one), MTH2222, MTH2232
• ETC3400, ETC3460, MTH3230, MTH3241, MTH3251 and at least one of ETC3420 or ETC3530
• the remaining points from level two and level three units ETC2410, MTH2021, MTH2140, ETC3420, ETC3530, MTH3011, MTH3051 and MTH3060

Requirements for honours in mathematics and statistics

• 24 points of relevant level three mathematics and statistics units, of which normally 18 points are relevant to the project

Additional information

There are many possible combinations of mathematics units and strong prerequisite requirements on mathematics sequences. Students considering completing a sequence in mathematics or statistics are advised to determine the prerequisites for any higher-level units in their area of interest before finalising their choice of units and may seek the assistance of the relevant year coordinator*. Information sheets with suggested programs are available from the School of Mathematical Sciences. As a general rule, it is advisable to choose a set of units at any level that leave several options open at higher levels.

* See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

Level one mathematics units are provided for students from a wide variety of backgrounds, from those who have not studied mathematics at VCE level to those who have completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4. It is recommended that all science students should include some level-one mathematics units in their course, particularly those who have not completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4.

The units MTH1010, MTH1020 and MTH1030 are provided in support of other science disciplines, as well as preparation for further studies in mathematics. They should be taken sequentially commencing from a point that depends on a student's previous studies in mathematics, for example by their level of preparation from VCE level. MTH2010 is available to students at both first and second level who have completed MTH1030, including first-year students who have taken MTH1030 in their first semester. Further details of recommended mathematics sequences are provided below.

The units STA1010, MAT1830 and MTH1000 in combination with MTH1030 can form part of a mathematics sequence at level one, but any student who is considering completing a minor or major sequence in mathematics may limit their options at higher years if MTH1030 is not taken in their first year. STA1010 is designed specifically as a service unit in data analysis and statistics for students intending to major in other disciplines, particularly in psychology and the life sciences, as well as forming part of the normal statistics sequence. MAT1830 is a specialist mathematics unit but it also has a service role, being recommended for students of computer science.

The School of Mathematical Sciences also offers the unit ASP1022, described in the 'astronomy and astrophysics' entry in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

Recommended level-one mathematics sequences

For students who have completed VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4 with an average grade of C or above in the written examination components, the recommended mathematics level one sequence is MTH1020 and MTH1030.

For students who have completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4 with an average grade of B or above in the written examination components, the recommended level one mathematics sequence is MTH1030 and MTH2010. These students may also choose to take MAT1830 or STA1010 instead of MTH2010 in their first year.

For other students, the recommended level-one mathematics sequence is MTH1010 and MTH1020.

Students not intending to take any level-two mathematics units may choose any one of the above recommended sequences or replace the second unit in any of the sequences by STA1010.

It is recommended that Bachelor of Science students complete SCI1020 prior to STA1010 if they have not completed VCE Specialist Mathematics units 3 and 4 or achieved at least an average grade of B or above in the written examination components of VCE Mathematical Methods units 3 and 4.

The units MTH1035 and MTH2015 are advanced versions of MTH1030 and MTH2010 and are intended to provide challenge to high achieving students. These units replace MTH1030 and MTH2010 in the minors and majors listed above.

MTH1000 is also designed for high achieving students. The objective of this unit is to allow high achieving students to complement their core first year mathematics units with studies in some areas of exciting new developments in mathematics

Level two

Students intending to undertake a major sequence in applied mathematics are recommended to complete MTH2032 in their second year of enrolment, along with either MTH2010 (if they have not already taken it) or MTH2021.

The unit MTH2222 covers the theoretical material needed to complete a major sequence in mathematical statistics. It is only offered in second semester, so students who wish to complete MTH2222 and who have not completed MTH2010 or MTH2021 by the end of the first semester must take MTH2010 concurrently with MTH2222.

The unit MTH2000 (Mathematics research project level 2) is normally only available to students in course 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours (BScAdv(Hons)) or 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program) (BSc(ScSchProg)), or by permission of the head of school.

The School of Applied Sciences and Engineering also offers some level-two mathematics and statistics units at the Gippsland campus and through off-campus learning.

Level three

The School of Mathematical Sciences offers a broad range of mathematics units at level three. Many of these units are intended for non-specialist third-level studies in mathematics. Specialist unit areas include algebra, analysis and geometry, applied and computational mathematics, mathematical statistics and probability, astrophysics, atmospheric science and fluid dynamics.

Students intending to undertake a major sequence in applied mathematics who have not already completed MTH2021 should normally take that unit in their third year of enrolment.

The unit MTH3000 (Mathematics research project level 3) is normally only available to students in the BScAdv(Hons) or BSc(ScSchProg), or by permission of the head of school.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

The medical bioscience sequence explores the scientific basis of human health and disease. Students undertake core studies in biochemistry and cell biology and select from a range of topic areas including anatomy, cell metabolism, immunology, medical microbiology, molecular biology physiology and pharmacology This area of study will be of interest to students seeking a broad understanding of normal cellular and body functions, changes in normal function that are associated with disease, and diagnostic techniques.

Objectives

Upon completion of a major sequence in medical bioscience, students will have:

• a knowledge of scientific principles, concepts and skills in areas of science relevant to medical bioscience, such as anatomy, human physiology, immunology, medical microbiology, pathology and pharmacology
• a knowledge of relevant quantitative and qualitative biomedical research techniques
• a knowledge of analytical techniques which would be applicable in a medical laboratory and hospital setting
• an understanding of the basic vocabulary and practices of medical bioscience, in order to approach the problems arising in the workplace
• an understanding of the importance of an ethical base for scientific research and development in the context of medical bioscience
• further developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• an awareness of occupational health and safety issues related to medical bioscience
• an appreciation of the role medical bioscience has in science and society.

Level two

• ANT2331 Introduction to anatomy and medical terminology
• BTH2732 Recombinant DNA technology
• BTH2741 Biochemistry
• BTH2752 Cellular metabolism
• MIC2011 Introduction to microbiology and microbial biotechnology
• PHY2021 Body systems physiology
• PHY2032 Physiology of human health

Level three

• BTH3722 Medical microbiology
• BTH3741 Medical cell biology
• BTH3752 Molecular biology and biotechnology
• IMM3802 Essentials of applied immunology
• MBS3010 Population health and healthcare
• MBS3990 Medical bioscience research project
• PHA3801 Principles of pharmacology
• SCI3716 Laboratory and workplace management

Major sequence in medical bioscience (48 points)

• CHM1011 and one of BIO1011 or BIO1722
• BTH2741 and two of ANT2331, BTH2732, BTH2752, MIC2011, PHY2021,or PHY2032
• BTH3741 and two of BTH3722, BTH3752, IMM3802, MBS3010, MBS3990, or PHA3801

Double major sequence in medical bioscience (72 points)

• CHM1011 and one of BIO1011 or BIO1722
• ANT2331, BTH2732, BTH2741 and one of BTH2752, MIC2011, PHY2021, or PHY2032
• BTH3741 and BTH3752 and four of BTH3722, IMM3802, MBS3010, MBS3990, PHA3801, or SCI3716

Requirements for honours in medical bioscience

• 24 points of relevant level-three units from the list above

Additional information

The medical bioscience sequence combines well with the microbiology sequence for those seeking employment in medical diagnostics or research. Students seeking employment in the education sector will find that a combination of the medical bioscience sequence with the ecology and environmental sequence provides an excellent background for primary educators, while a combination of the medical bioscience sequence with chemistry or mathematics sequences is especially useful for secondary educators.

Students with a strong interest in this area should also consider course 3522 Bachelor of Science (Medical Bioscience).

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in medical bioscience.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3522 Bachelor of Science (Medical Bioscience)

Double degrees

• 3523 Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology) and Bachelor of Science (Medical Bioscience)

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science

Microbiology is an absorbing science that is at the core of exciting new developments that have occurred in modern molecular biology. It involves the analysis and genetic manipulation of bacteria, parasites and viruses.

Recent developments such as the swine influenza outbreak, SARS, legionnaire's disease and the rise of antibiotic resistance in medically important bacteria emphasise the importance of understanding infectious diseases for human health. Microbiology is concerned with the study of these emerging diseases and micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, their structure and way of life, how they interact with people and other living organisms in both harmful and beneficial ways and how they can be exploited to our advantage. All these aspects are featured in units commencing at level two. These involve the study of the diversity of the microbial world, food microbiology and an analysis of how microbes grow and survive. At the practical level, students will learn about how micro-organisms interact with their environment, and about how they interact with the human body to cause disease. Several major diseases such as malaria, influenza and tuberculosis will be studied in depth.

At level three, studies progress to the molecular biology of bacteria and viruses, bacterial and viral pathogenesis, and medical microbiology. In the current era of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering, bacterial plasmids and viruses provide the essential vehicles for genetic manipulation and expression in recipient cells, emphasising the core role of microbiology in the biomedical sciences. Practical classes in microbiology are designed to provide laboratory skills in safe handling of micro-organisms, experimental procedures illustrating their properties and functions, laboratory diagnosis, and genetic manipulation and expression. There is a strong emphasis on training in the techniques of recombinant DNA technology.

A sequence that integrates the study of microbiology with molecular biology is also offered.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in microbiology students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the diversity and range of microorganisms, and their role in the development of the techniques that underpin modern molecular biology
• have developed a broad understanding of the interactions between humans and microorganisms, and a deeper understanding of particular aspects of medical microbiology that relate to infectious diseases, including the study of pathogenic mechanisms, bacterial toxins, the expression strategies of various viruses, and the threats to world health of emerging diseases
• be proficient in a set of core microbiological and molecular biological technical methods, in terms of understanding the principles of the methods as well as their utilisation in laboratory settings
• be familiar with the nature and scope of the scientific literature in the area of microbiology and will have had experience in seeking information using both the library and electronic sources of scientific information, including computer database networks, to prepare reports on experimental work and assigned topics
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be prepared for a range of further learning or training activities in microbiology or related areas, including but not exclusively honours studies with a research focus
• be suitable for employment in a range of activities in which their studies in microbiology and related areas can be applied in a specific or generic manner to the requirements of the position (that may entail further specific training), in areas that include teaching, biotechnology-based industry, diagnostic and analytical laboratories, sales and marketing, commercial organisations, media and government bodies.

Level two

• MIC2011 Introduction to microbiology and microbial biotechnology
• MIC2022 Microbes in health and disease

Level three

• MIC3011 Molecular microbiology
• MIC3022 Molecular virology and viral pathogenesis
• MIC3032 Pathogenesis of bacterial infectious diseases
• MIC3041 Medical microbiology
• MIC3990 Action in microbiology research project

Minor sequence in microbiology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MIC2011 and MIC2022, or MIC3011 and MIC3022

Minor sequence in molecular biology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022

Major sequence in microbiology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MIC2011 and MIC2022
• four of MIC3011, MIC3022, MIC3032, MIC3041or MIC3990

Major sequence in microbiology and molecular biology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MOL2011 and MOL2022
• four of MIC3011, MIC3022, MIC3032*, MIC3041* or MIC3990

Double major sequence in microbiology and molecular biology (72 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• MIC2011, MIC2022, MOL2011 and MOL2022
• four of MIC3011, MIC3022, MIC3032, MIC3041 or MIC3990
• two of BCH3031,GEN3040, GEN3051 or IMM3031

Double major sequence in immunology and microbiology (72 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022, or 12 points of level one chemistry
• IMM2011, IMM2022, MIC2011 and MIC2022
• IMM3031, IMM3042, and one of IMM3051, IMM3062 or IMM3990
• MIC3032, MIC3041, and one of MIC3011, MIC3022 or MIC3990

* This unit has compulsory level two prerequisites that will need to be taken in addition to the level two units that are part of this sequence. Please refer to the Additional information for level two below.

The BCH, GEN, IMM and MOL units and related sequences are described in the 'biochemistry', 'genetics' and 'immunology' entries in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

Requirements for honours in microbiology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are microbiology units

Additional information

Level two

Students enrolling in MIC2011 and MIC2022 are strongly advised to enrol in the molecular biology units MOL2011 and MOL2022. Useful companion units are available from biochemistry, immunology, genetics and pharmacology. Students should also note that MIC2011 and MIC2022 are prerequisites for MIC3032 and MIC3041. Microbiology units are recommended for students planning future studies in medical or paramedical fields. They are also recommended for those students who are uncertain about the direction of their future career, as they offer a basic grounding that is considerably adaptable.

Level three

The final year of microbiology offers a broad range of specialist units that in combination provide well-structured training in most modern aspects of microbiology. Four of the five level-three MIC units are required for accreditation in the workforce as a professional microbiologist.

Honours

Honours Student Coordinator: Professor Julian Rood

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Microbiology is an absorbing science that is at the core of exciting new developments that have occurred in modern molecular biology. Microbiology is concerned with the study of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, their structure and way of life, how they interact with people and other living organisms in both harmful and beneficial ways and how they can be exploited to our advantage. Level two studies highlight the diversity of the microbial world, examine how microbes grow and survive, interact with their environment, and interact with the human body to cause disease. There is a strong emphasis on the techniques of recombinant DNA technology and the key role of bacterial plasmids and viruses as essential vehicles for genetic manipulation. At level three, specialised units address specific applications of microbiology in medical diagnostics; in food manufacture and other industrial settings; and in microbial ecology, waste minimisation and bioremediation.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in applied microbiology, students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the diversity and range of microorganisms, and their role in the development of the techniques that underpin modern molecular biology
• have developed a broad understanding of the interactions between humans and microorganisms
• be proficient in a set of core microbiological and molecular biological technical methods, in terms of understanding the principles of the methods as well as their utilisation in laboratory settings
• be suitable for employment in a range of activities in which their studies in microbiology and related areas can be applied in a specific or generic manner to the requirements of the position (that may entail further specific training), in areas that include teaching, biotechnology-based industry, diagnostic and analytical laboratories, sales and marketing, commercial organisations, media and government bodies
• be prepared for further studies in microbiological and allied sciences including undertaking higher research degrees
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be eligible, upon obtaining sufficient practical experience, to apply for membership of the Australian Society for Microbiology and the Malaysian Society for Microbiology, the professional societies for microbiologists in Australia and Malaysia respectively.

Level two

• BTH2732 Recombinant DNA technology
• MIC2011 Introduction to microbiology and microbial biotechnology

Level three

• BTH3711 Food and industrial microbiology
• BTH3722 Medical microbiology
• BTH3732 Environmental microbiology
• BTH3752 Molecular biology and biotechnology
• SCI3990 Science in action research project

Minor sequence in applied microbiology (24 points)

• CHM1011, and BIO1722 or BIO1011
• BTH2732 and MIC2011

Major sequence in applied microbiology (48 points)

• CHM1011, and BIO1722 or BIO1011
• BTH2732 and MIC2011
• four of BTH3711, BTH3722, BTH3732, BTH3752 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in microbiology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are from units listed above

Additional information

All level three units incorporate a week-long laboratory program that simulates employment in a diagnostic, food, or analytical microbiology laboratory. Site visits to hospital laboratories, dairy processing plants, breweries and wastewater treatment facilities also provide valuable insights into industrial operations.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to the course of enrolment. See the entry for 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science for full details regarding the course structure for honours in microbiology.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science

Level one

• BTH1011 Biotechnology, science, business, law and ethics I
• MON1001 Climate change: An interdisciplinary challenge
• SCI1020 Introduction to statistical reasoning

Level two

• BTH2012 Biotechnology, regulation, law and ethics II
• IBL2030 Industry based learning: Science
• SCI2010 Scientific practice and communication
• SCI2020 Scientific methodologies and research techniques

Level three

• BTH3012 Biotechnology science, industry and commercialisation
• SCI3090 Technology management for scientists
• SCI3094 Technology management for scientists II
• SCI3716 Laboratory and workplace management
• SCI3990 Science in action research project

Pharmacology and toxicology has a broad contemporary educative function, teaching how a wide variety of chemicals and drugs produce their effects on living organisms.

An understanding of the way in which drugs produce their effects in the body is becoming increasingly important as the use and abuse of drugs becomes more widespread in society. The science of pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms where the term drug can be defined as a chemical substance, natural or synthetic, which affects a biological system. Pharmacology is an interdisciplinary science that employs experimental approaches common to chemistry, biochemistry and physiology.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in pharmacology students will be able to:

• describe the basic mechanisms of drug action and, using relevant examples, the importance of endogenous transmitter/mediator/hormone systems in health and disease
• explain the basic principles of pharmacokinetics
• apply knowledge of concepts in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics to explain the actions of chemicals (therapeutic and non-therapeutic) on biological systems
• demonstrate basic laboratory skills and relevant aspects of good laboratory practice, including the ability to present and evaluate experimental data
• demonstrate graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding.

Level two

• PHA2022 Drugs and society

Level three

• PHA3011 Principles of drug action
• PHA3021 Drugs in health and disease
• PHA3032 Neuro and endocrine pharmacology
• PHA3042 Modern drug development
• PHA3052 Poisons and toxins
• PHA3990 Action in pharmacology research project

Minor sequence in pharmacology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• PHA2022 and one of PHY2011 or PHY2021, or PHA3011 and PHA3021

Major sequence in pharmacology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and BIO1022
• two of PHA2022, PHY2011, PHY2021, or PHY2032
• PHA3011 and PHA3021, and two of PHA3032, PHA3042 or PHA3990

Details of the PHY units, and some related sequences, are described in the 'physiology' entry in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

Requirements for honours in pharmacology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are pharmacology units

Additional information

Level two

The Department of Pharmacology offers one 6-point unit - PHA2022 - at level two. This unit is of interest to all students taking biomedical science units (physiology, biochemistry, developmental biology, microbiology) but also as an adjunct to a degree in law or psychology. PHA2022 is not a compulsory prerequisite for further study in pharmacology but is highly recommended.

The prerequisites for PHA3011 and PHA3021 are normally an adequate performance in two units of physiology and pharmacology at level two. Units studied at level two may also include biochemistry or chemistry.

Students planning to complete major sequences in both physiology and pharmacology must take all three level-two physiology units and PHA2022.

Level three

The first semester units, PHA3011 and PHA3021, lay the foundations for understanding how drugs act and the use of drugs to treat disease; PHA3011 is a prerequisite for all second-semester units offered by the school. In second semester students may elect to take any combination of the three units PHA3032, PHA3042 and PHA3990. These units may be combined with units in other disciplines such as any of the biological/medical disciplines, chemistry or law.

Students intending to proceed to honours in pharmacology must complete at least 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are pharmacology units.

Honours

Coordinator:Associate Professor Robert Widdop

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Physics seeks to provide a fundamental understanding of how our physical universe works at all conceivable scales of length, time and energy. It ranges from the very practical, such as improving medical imaging technologies, to curiosity-driven questions, such as why is the sky blue? It addresses fundamental questions about the nature of space, time and matter, and also provides insight into the nature of reality and the origin of our universe. In mainstream physics, students explore diverse topics ranging from atom optics, astrophysics and particle cosmology to condensed matter physics, x-ray optics and synchrotron science. Students with biomedical, bioscience and environmental science interests can study relevant physics at level one. A program in physics, involving experimentation, application of theory and problem solving, provides a sound scientific background for a complex and technologically-oriented world.

The School of Physics offers physics units at all undergraduate and honours levels, together with astronomy and astrophysics units at levels one, two and three. Students may include some astronomy and astrophysics in a physics minor, major, and honours.

The first three levels of physics provide a broad foundation, with some opportunity for specialisation in level three. During honours and postgraduate study, opportunities exist for specialisation in a wide range of topics in theoretical and experimental physics.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in physics students will:

• have a clear understanding of how physics knowledge is constructed, and appreciate the importance of physics in everyday life, in technologies, and in the structure of the universe
• have an understanding of classical physics (mechanics, electromagnetism, waves and optics), the foundations of quantum, atomic, condensed matter and statistical physics, and some aspects of contemporary physics knowledge and practice
• be able to apply physics concepts in these areas with appropriate mathematical methods to a range of situations, and demonstrate problem solving and critical thinking skills
• have acquired computational and IT skills, an ability to plan experiments, and experimental skills including the effective use of a range of scientific instruments, measurement, data analysis, and analysis of uncertainties
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking
• have developed an understanding of the ethical, social and international perspectives of the discipline
• know the key principles underlying occupational health and safety in laboratory practice
• have a foundation for further learning in physics and related disciplines, for employment requiring analytical, quantitative and experimental skills, and for undertaking secondary physics teacher qualifications.

Level one

• PHS1011 Physics
• PHS1022 Physics
• PHS1031 Physics for the living world
• PHS1042 Physics, energy and the environment
• PHS1080 Foundation physics

Level two

• ASP2011 Astronomy
• PHS2011 Physics: Quantum concepts and technologies
• PHS2022 Physics: Electromagnetism, light and entropy

Level three

• ASP3222 Physics for astrophysics
• ASP3231 Observational astronomy
• MTE3545 Functional materials and devices
• MTE3547 Materials characterisation and modelling
• PHS3031 Foundations of contemporary physics
• PHS3042 Fundamentals of condensed matter physics
• PHS3051 Photon physics
• PHS3062 Fundamental particle physics
• PHS3131 Theoretical physics
• PHS3142 Theoretical physics II
• PHS3350 Physics research project 1
• PHS3360 Physics research project 2

Minor sequence in physics (24 points)

• either PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022
• two of PHS2011, PHS2022, ASP2011.

Major sequence in physics (48 points)

• either PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022
• PHS2011 and PHS2022
• the remaining units (to complete 48 points) including at least 18 points of level three units from Physics (PHS), with no more than one research project (PHS3350 or PHS3360). One of ASP3231, MTE3545 or MTE3547 may be included if four units are required at level three; ASP2011 may be taken at level two.

Double major sequence in physics (72 points)

• a major sequence in physics
• the remaining units (to complete 72 points) including at least 36 points of PHS units at level three (with ASP3222 as an alternative to PHS3062); additional units may include ASP3231, level three mathematics units approved by the physics level three coordinator, or one of MTE3545 or MTE3547.

Note that physics units have mathematics pre-requisites. PHS2011 has MTH1030 as a prerequisite; PHS2022 has MTH2010 as a prerequisite; level three units (PHS3031, PHS3042, PHS3051, PHS3062, PHS3131 and PHS3142) have MTH2010 and MTH2032 as pre-requisites. Details of the ASP and MTE units, and related sequences, are described in the 'astronomy and astrophysics' and 'materials science' entries in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

Requirements for honours in physics

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are PHS units

Additional information

See coordinator details in table above.

Level one

The mainstream sequence PHS1011 and PHS1022 covers foundational topics in physics over two semesters, providing a balance between a theoretical understanding of physics along with practical applications and experimental physics. These units follow a mathematical approach and use calculus. Students are required to have passed VCE year 12 Physics (or equivalent), or do PHS1080 in place of PHS1011. Mainstream physics is normally taken by students with interests in physics, mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry, computational science, those with a general interest in the nature of the universe, and those doing science/engineering double degrees. For PHS1011, MTH1020 or MTH1030 are recommended co-requisites. PHS1022 has a prerequisite of VCE Specialist Mathematics or MTH1020, with MTH1030 as a recommended co-requisite (to enable students to proceed to level two physics.).

Foundation physics PHS1080 is suitable for students with no year 12 Physics who wish to understand the basic principles of physics. It specifically prepares students for entering PHS1022 in semester 2 and for continuing in physics or astronomy-astrophysics beyond level one.

PHS1031 and PHS1042 are specifically designed for students interested in biomedical and environmental disciplines respectively. There is an emphasis on applications of physics principles in a range of relevant situations. These units can be undertaken by students with no previous physics experience and do not require calculus. However they do not provide students with a suitable foundation for further studies in physics or in areas based on physics.

PHS1011 or PHS1080, and PHS1022 are required to enter the level two physics units PHS2011 and PHS2022. Students with alternative semester-one physics may be enrolled in level two physics at the discretion of the level coordinator. Students continuing to level two physics should ensure that they do the required mathematics (at least MTH1030 in level one).

The school also offers ASP1010 Earth to cosmos - introductory astronomy at level one. Any level one physics unit provides a basic foundation to do level two astronomy and astrophysics. See the astronomy and astrophysics entry for details.

Level two

The units PHS2011 and PHS2022 develop key areas of physics including quantum physics, condensed matter physics, electromagnetism, optics, atomic and nuclear physics, and statistical physics. Many key concepts are linked via appropriate applications. MTH1030 is a prerequisite for PHS2011 and MTH2010 is a pre-requisite for PHS2022.

Students intending to proceed to level three physics (including theoretical physics) must complete the units PHS2011 and PHS2022, and should also take MTH2032. In addition, ASP2011 complements the mainstream physics units and provides a background for students who wish to take level three astrophysics units. For information on astronomy and astrophysics including the observatory facilities at the Clayton campus, see the 'astronomy and astrophysics' entry in the Science areas of study section of the Handbook.

Level three

The School of Physics offers a range of level three units that cover classical mechanics and field theory, relativistic particles and fields, quantum mechanics, advanced quantum mechanics, seminars in theoretical physics, scattering and spectroscopy, condensed matter physics, statistical physics, nuclear physics, fundamental particle physics, electrodynamics and photonics. In addition, the school offers units in observational astronomy and astrophysics. All level three physics units require MTH2010 and MTH2032. PHS3031 is essential for any student considering doing Honours in physics. A physics research project unit (PHS3350) may be taken by a qualified student wishing to do independent work, subject to approval by the School towards a physics major, or two research project units for a double major.

Level three physics units normally consist of two series of 12 one-hour lectures, a further 12 hours of tutorial/workshops, and an average of 2.5 hours of laboratory per week or one-hour seminar work per week for theoretical units.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Physiology is the study of the way in which the body functions normally, and in dysfunction and disease. It is a core discipline of the biomedical, medical and life sciences. A program of study in physiology provides an ideal cornerstone for students wishing to pursue future studies in medical or allied health areas. Physiology provides the answers to questions on how the body works, on what happens when we are born and develop, on how our body systems adapt when challenged by stresses such as exercise or environmental extremes, and on how body functions change in disease states. From nerves to muscles, from the brain to hormones, physiologists are concerned with functions at all levels. This spans from the molecular and cellular to the organ and body systems levels, to ultimately provide understanding of the integrated function of the whole body.

In all units, emphasis will be on human body function. There will be study of both normal function as well as of common examples of adaptation to unusual environments (eg high altitude) and of dysfunction (eg heart disease, infertility, ageing) as appropriate to the unit and level of study. The aim is to provide students with greater insight into body function and an understanding of the basis of many common dysfunctions.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in physiology students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the mechanisms that make up normal body function, at the levels of body systems and the cells, tissues and organs involved
• have developed a deep understanding of the systems that regulate normal healthy body functions, and their interactions with our environment
• have understood in depth the research base of modern physiology, including the approaches needed in the 21st century to understand the exciting complexity of the human being
• have developed abilities to integrate knowledge, from the molecular level through to the whole body, and an have gained an appreciation for the value and limitations of physiological genomics in understanding the human being
• have gained an understanding of the effects of disturbances of the body's normal systems, leading to malfunction and disease
• have gained proficiency in the use of physiological techniques to understand body functions, including an appreciation of the challenges involved in studying the intact mammalian organism
• have gained proficiency in assembling the findings of laboratory based learning into written accounts, in accord with scientific principles and norms
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be prepared for research at the honours level in areas of research at the forefront of international knowledge, through involvement with leading research groups and individuals.

Level two

• PHY2011 Neuroscience of sensation, brain and movement
• PHY2021 Body systems physiology
• PHY2032 Physiology of human health

Level three

• PHY3012 Integrative neuroscience
• PHY3072 Muscle and exercise
• PHY3102 Nutrition, metabolism and body weight
• PHY3111 Sensation and movement
• PHY3171 Clinical and experimental cardiovascular physiology
• PHY3181 Hormones and reproduction
• PHY3990 Action in physiology research project

Minor sequence in physiology (24 points)

• 12 points of level-one BIO, CHM or PHS units
• two of PHY2011, PHY2021 or PHY2032

Major sequence in physiology (48 points)

• a minor sequence in physiology
• 24 points from level two or three PHY units, with at least 18 points at level three

Requirements for honours in physiology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which normally 18 points are physiology units

Additional information

Level two

There are no formal prerequisites for any level-two PHY units, but students must have successfully completed at least 36 points of units at level one before they may enrol in any science unit at level two. To be able to take any of the level-three physiology units, students must have passed any two of PHY2011, PHY2021 and PHY2032.

Students planning to complete major sequences in both physiology and pharmacology must take all three level-two physiology units and PHA2022.

Level three

There are three level-three units available in semester one and a further three in semester two. Students wishing to major in physiology normally take two units in semester one and another two units in semester two, however students can take these units in any combination. Less than fours units can be taken by students not wishing to major in physiology, and all six can be taken by students with a special interest in physiology.

The level-three units can be paired to follow related themes e.g. PHY3111 with PHY3012, PHY3171 with PHY3072. They do not, however, indicate prescribed paths that must be followed, and students are free to take these units in any combination that they wish.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Graduate entry studies

Some PHY units may be accepted as prerequisites for certain graduate entry programs. For example PHY2011 plus one of PHY2021 or PHY2032 are accepted as meeting prerequisite requirements for the graduate entry Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery program at the University of Melbourne. Students intending to apply for admission to graduate entry programs should ensure that they check with the relevant university as to the acceptability of Monash PHY units as prerequisites for their programs.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Physiology is the study of the way in which the body functions normally, and in dysfunction and disease. It is the core discipline of the biomedical, medical and life sciences. A program of study in physiology provides an ideal cornerstone for students wishing to pursue future studies in medical or allied health areas. Physiology provides the answers to questions on how the body works, on what happens when we are born and develop, on how our body systems adapt when challenged by stresses such as exercise or environmental extremes, and on how body functions change in disease states. From nerves to muscles, from the brain to hormones, physiologists are concerned with functions at all levels. This spans from the molecular and cellular to the organ and body systems levels, to ultimately provide understanding of the integrated function of the whole body.

In all units, emphasis will be on body function. There will be study of both normal function as well as of common examples of adaptation to unusual environments (eg high altitude) and of dysfunction (eg heart disease, infertility, ageing) as appropriate to the unit and level of study. The aim is to provide students with greater insight into body function and an understanding of the basis of many common dysfunctions.

Objectives

On completion of a minor sequence in physiology students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the mechanisms that make up normal body function, at the levels of body systems and the cells, tissues and organs involved
• have developed a deeper understanding of the systems that regulate normal healthy body functions, and their interactions with our environment
• have gained an understanding of the effects of disturbances of the body's normal systems, leading to malfunction and disease
• have gained proficiency in the use of physiological techniques to understand body functions, including an appreciation of the challenges involved in studying the intact mammalian organism
• have gained proficiency in assembling the findings of laboratory based learning into written accounts, in accord with scientific principles and norms
• have gained proficiency in searching the scientific literature for knowledge and in preparing reports based on these searches
• have developed skills in the presentation of scientific information, alone and as part of a well functioning team.

Level one

• BIO1711 Vertebrate biology*
• BIO1722 Cell biology

Level two

• BIO2721 Human development and genetics
• BIO2752 Principles of physiology*

* BIO1711 and BIO2752 are divided into two streams: the human/medical stream or the animal/veterinary stream; students select the stream appropriate to their study program and interests.

Minor sequence in human physiology (24 points)

• BIO1711 and BIO1722
• BIO2721 and BIO2752

Requirements for honours in physiology

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally physiology units. Level three physiology units and an honours program in physiology are only available on the Clayton campus.

Additional information

The physiology minor sequence combines well with the applied microbiology and applied biochemistry sequences.

0050 Bachelor of Science

Plants are arguably the most important organisms in our daily life - all life depends on plants in some way. They provide the oxygen on which aerobic life depends and they form the basis of food webs, so they support most of the diversity of life on our planet, both in the ocean and on land. Plants provide our food, and much of our clothing and shelter, drugs to prevent or combat disease, and fossil fuels that drive our modern lifestyle are derived from ancient plants. Our world and our lifestyle would be completely unrecognisable without plants.

Plant science is the study of plants, their diversity and structure, and how they function. It involves studying plants living on land, in the sea and in freshwater environments, from the scale of genes and molecules to ecology. Plants are a diverse set of organisms that are able to live autotrophically, harvesting light and using its energy to fix carbon and manufacture complex organic molecules. In plant science we study the great diversity of plant groups, from algae and mosses through to gymnosperms and angiosperms; we investigate how plants function, for example, how they obtain water and nutrients and how they use energy from sunlight to produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis. We also study how plants are adapted to particular environments, and the factors that influence the distribution and diversity of plant species and the plant communities in which they grow. These factors are particularly important in understanding the impact of human activities, including global climate change, on plant communities so that we can provide better management into the future.

Studying plant science begins with study of general biology in first year, in which the basics of plant chemistry, genetics, structure, function, evolution and ecology are covered. In second year, studies focus on the different types of plants, their key features and evolutionary development, and on the structure and development of plants and how these are integrated with plant function. These studies continue at third year, with units focusing on the biology and ecology of terrestrial and aquatic plants and plant communities in their natural environment. Additional units can be included that expand on some aspects of research methods, ecological management, and the biology and ecology of aquatic organisms. Students may also include units that focus more on genetic control of development and function, or on plant biotechnology.

Examples of careers available to students that study plant sciences include environmental management and consulting, biotechnology, a range of careers in government departments (e.g. related to environmental issues, park management, primary industry and sustainability), crop science, research and teaching.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in plant sciences students will:

• have developed an understanding of plant diversity and the evolutionary development of the major plant groups, the morphology and development of plants and how these are integrated with plant function, and the ecology of plants from the scale of species to vegetation communities, including interactions across trophic levels
• have developed practical skills in experimental methods relevant to plant sciences, including plant identification, plant physiology techniques, anatomical techniques and quantitative field methods
• be familiar with principles of experimental design and data collection and interpretation
• have further developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be fully prepared for further study, teaching, research and employment in plant sciences.

Level one

• BIO1011 Biology I
• BIO1022 Biology II
• BIO1042 Environmental biology

Level two

• BIO2022 Evolution and systematics
• BIO2181 Evolution of plant diversity
• BIO2282 Plant structure and function

Level three

• BIO3011 Research methods in biology
• BIO3021 Marine biology
• BIO3082 Plant global change biology
• BIO3091 Ecology of Australian vegetation
• BIO3111 Ecological management
• BIO3820 Tropical terrestrial biology
• GEN3030 Developmental and cellular genetics
• GEN3040 Advanced molecular genetics and its applications

Minor sequence in plant sciences (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• two of BIO2181, BIO2282, BIO3082 or BIO3091*

Major sequence in plant sciences (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2181 and BIO2282
• BIO3091 and BIO3082, and two of BIO2022, BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111, BIO3820, GEN3030* or GEN3040*

* This unit has compulsory level-one and/or level-two prerequisites beyond those units listed at level two.

Requirements for honours in plant sciences

• BIO3011, BIO3091 and BIO3082, and a 6 point level-three unit listed above

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying plant sciences will take BIO1011 plus BIO1042 and/or BIO1022 in their first year. The focus in first year is to provide basic knowledge of the structure and evolution of plants, their cellular and molecular composition, genetics from the scale of molecule to population, and some fundamentals of physiology and ecology that assist in understanding plant adaptations to the environment.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Tim Cavagnaro

Students planning to complete a major sequence must study BIO2181 and BIO2282 before proceeding to level three plant sciences. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major. Alternatively, completion of the level two plant science units after a sequence in biology at first year can comprise a minor in plant sciences. Level two plant sciences builds upon studies at first year to examine the diversity and evolutionary development of plants in more detail. It starts by focusing on key features of the different plant groups and the implications of evolutionary developments for the spread and diversification of particular groups. Students examine the implications of autotrophy and being sessile, and how these factors have shaped differences in function and behaviour of plants compared with animals. Aspects of plant function and structure are then investigated in detail, including uptake and transport of nutrients and water, gas exchange and assimilation processes, and reproduction, and how these are modified in the short-term and in the long-term by environmental factors.

Teaching of these units involves a combination of lectures and practical activities, including plant identification and investigation of live plants and their structure and function in the laboratory, glasshouse and in the field.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Tim Cavagnaro

The third year of plant sciences builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier years and continues it in BIO3091 and BIO3082. These units focus first on understanding the characteristics of Australian plant species and plant communities, and the factors that have shaped their development and distribution. The emphasis then shifts to focus on plant development, how it is controlled by environmental signals, and the way that plant growth and productivity respond to environmental factors such as light and temperature, or to stresses like drought and salinisation. These are discussed at scales ranging from molecular changes in gene expression to effects on communities. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with some time spent in the field seeing plants in action. Both units are required for completion of the plant sciences major, along with one or two from a range of other units offered by the school, including BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111, BIO3820, GEN3030 and GEN3040. Several of these level three units have other prerequisites at second year that do not contribute to the major or minor sequences in plant sciences.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

NOTE: This area of study has had one or more changes made to it since publication on 1 October 2011. For details of change/s, please consult the change register at http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2012handbooks/2012-change-register.html.

The School of Psychology and Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences offers an undergraduate program for students who intend to specialise in psychology by completing a 60-point major sequence which is accredited by the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council (APAC).

This program provides an avenue to further study in psychology with the option of proceeding to a degree with honours, or into postgraduate programs of study, and to the training required to practise as a psychologist.

The 60-point accredited major sequence may be taken in the following courses:

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 1719 Bachelor of Behavioural Science
• 4407 Bachelor of Business (Psychology)
• 0002 Bachelor of Arts
• some Bachelor of Arts degrees with specialisations.

A 48-point major in psychology may be sufficient to satisfy the requirements for a major sequence in any of the Bachelor of Science, single or double degrees, and some courses in other faculties (eg Bachelor of Arts), but is not APAC-accredited and will not permit entry to fourth-year programs in psychology.

Further details of the psychology units and sequences, and the locations at which they are available, are provided in the 'psychology' entry in the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences areas of study section of this Handbook.

Objectives

On completion of the 48 credit point (non-accredited) psychology major sequence students should be able to:

• describe and discuss the major theories and empirical findings in core areas of the discipline of psychology at an introductory level, and some of these core areas at an advanced level, eg basic psychological processes such as perception, cognition, learning, motivation and emotion, language; social and biological bases of behaviour; abnormal psychology; lifespan developmental psychology; individual differences in capacity and behaviour; history of psychology, testing and assessment, intercultural and indigenous psychology
• investigate and critically evaluate a range of issues related to psychological inquiry in a wide range of areas of psychology
• contribute to discipline knowledge through the research process, including: identifying research problems; designing and conducting research investigations of the bases of behaviour by applying a range of appropriate methodologies; applying the appropriate univariate statistical analysis to evaluate and interpret research outcomes; and clearly communicating the findings of their psychology inquiry according to the professional requirements of the discipline
• describe and discuss the basic ethical standards governing research and practice in the discipline of psychology
• recognise the importance of the relationship between knowledge of the scientific discipline of psychology and the application of this knowledge in the practice of psychology.

Level one

Core units

• PSY1011 Psychology 1A
• PSY1022 Psychology 1B

Level two

Core units

• PSY2031 Developmental and biological psychology
• PSY2042 Cognitive and social psychology
• PSY2051 Research design and analysis

Level three

Core units

• PSY3032 Abnormal psychology
• PSY3041 Psychological testing, theories of ability and ethics
• PSY3051 Perception and personality
• PSY3062 Research methods and theory

Elective units*

• PSY3180 Human neuropsychology: Developmental and neurodegenerative disorders
• PSY3190 Addiction studies**
• PSY3230 Psychological foundations of law
• PSY3240 Psychology of music**
• PSY3250 Positive psychology
• PSY3270 Neuroscience of cognition and behaviour

* Offerings of elective units will vary from year to year

** Also available by off-campus learning

Minor sequence in psychology (24 points)

• PSY1011 and PSY1022
• PSY2051 and one of PSY2031, PSY2042

Major sequence in psychology (48 points)

• PSY1011 and PSY1022
• PSY2051 and at least one level-two PSY unit
• the remaining 18 or 24 points from the PSY units at level three

Students wishing to gain accreditation by the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council (APAC) or apply for entry into fourth-year courses in psychology must complete 60 points of PSY units including the following nine units: PSY1011, PSY1022, PSY2031, PSY2042, PSY2051, PSY3041, PSY3051, PSY3032 and PSY3062, and one elective PSY unit at level two or three. The additional PSY units required for professional accreditation are above the requirements of a major sequence in course 0050 Bachelor of Science.

Level one

Students intending to complete either a minor or major sequence in psychology must complete both PSY1011 and PSY1022 at level one. For information on unit choices contact ug.psych@monash.edu.

Level two

Some level-three electives may be undertaken at level two providing prerequisites and corequisites are met. Students intending to complete the APAC-accredited major sequence are advised to select their level-two units carefully. For information on unit choices contact ug.psych@monash.edu.

Level three

Up to four elective units are available at level three, so that it is possible for students to study 48 points of psychology at level three. The electives offered may vary from year to year depending on staff availability. For information on unit choices contact ug.psych@monash.edu.

Honours

Students completing a degree with a 60-point APAC-accredited major sequence in psychology are eligible to apply for entry to a fourth year in psychology through an honours year, or course 3509 Postgraduate Diploma in Psychology offered by the Faculty of Education.

Full details regarding entrance requirements and course structure for honours is described in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

The sequence provides specialist training in tropical biology with a particular emphasis on techniques and field skills relevant to the study and conservation of tropical ecosystems. The sequence offers a Southeast Asian perspective, enabling students to gain an appreciation for, and understanding of, tropical environments in the region. Students study a range of topics including environmental science, ecology, terrestrial and aquatic tropical biology, and conservation of bioresources.

Objectives

Upon completion of a major sequence in tropical biology, students will have:

• a knowledge scientific principles, concepts and skills in areas of science relevant to tropical biology, such as environmental science, ecology, aquatic and terrestrial tropical biology, and conservation of bioresources
• the skills to effectively communicate, liaise and cooperate with others in a multidisciplinary setting and to write professionally in the field of tropical biology
• a knowledge of relevant quantitative and qualitative field and laboratory research techniques and analytical skills in tropical biology
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• an awareness of occupational health and safety issues related to tropical biology, particularly with respect to field work
• an appreciation of the role of tropical biology in science and society.

Level three

• BIO3810 Tropical aquatic biology
• BIO3820 Tropical terrestrial biology

Minor sequence in tropical biology (24 points)

• BIO1022 and ENV1800
• BIO2011 or ENV2726
• BIO3810 or BIO3820

Major sequence in tropical biology (48 points)

• BIO1022 and ENV1800
• BIO2011 and ENV2726
• BIO3810 and BIO3820, and two of BIO3011, ENV3737 or SCI3990

Requirements for honours in tropical biology

• BIO3011, and 18 points of relevant level three units chosen from the list above

Additional information

Honours

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 0050 Bachelor of Science

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science

Veterinary bioscience investigates interactions between animals and the environment and explores animal function in health and disease. This area of study will be of particular interest to students keen to embark on careers in animal science, animal health, animal ecology and animal management, or for those with a general interest in animal biology.

Objectives

On completion of the major sequence in veterinary bioscience students will:

• have achieved a broad understanding of the normal function of animal body systems
• have developed a deeper understanding of domestic and wild animals and their interactions with the environment
• have gained a general understanding of the conditions and infections that effect animal welfare
• have gained proficiency in the use of appropriate techniques to investigate animal health and disease states
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• have developed skills in the presentation of scientific information, alone and as part of a well functioning team.

Level one

• BIO1711 Vertebrate biology
• ENV1711 Ecological systems and the environment
• BIO1722 Cell biology

Level two

• BIO2710 Animal management and disease
• BIO2752 Principles of physiology
• ENV2712 Biology and diversity
• MIC2011 Introduction to microbiology and microbial biotechnology

Level three

• BIO3132 Biology of Australian vertebrates
• BIO3052 Animal behaviour
• BTH3741 Cell biology and disease
• BTH3722 Microbiology and disease

Minor sequence in veterinary bioscience (24 points)

• BIO1711 and ENV1711
• BIO2710 and BIO2752 or ENV2712

Major sequence in veterinary bioscience (48 points)

• BIO1711 and ENV1711
• BIO2710 and ENV2712, and BIO2752 or MIC2011
• three of BIO3052, BIO3132, BTH3722 and BTH3741

Requirements for honours in veterinary bioscience

• 24 points of relevant level-three units, of which 18 points are normally units listed above

Additional information

First level BIO and ENV units provide essential foundation knowledge for upper level studies. The ENV units highlight relevant aspects of plant-animal interactions and, together with the first and second level BIO units, provide background knowledge essential for the third level BIO units addressing vertebrate biology and animal behaviour; particularly relevant for students with an interest in animal management. Students will be exposed to examples and case studies that demonstrate application of the scientific method to current animal health and management issues of global importance.

The veterinary bioscience sequence combines well with the ecology and environmental sequences, for students interested in wildlife ecology, or with the applied biochemistry and applied microbiology sequences, for students interested in animal biotechnology.

Students with a strong interest in animal science should also consider course 3541 Bachelor of Science (Veterinary Bioscience).

• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3541 Bachelor of Science (Veterinary Bioscience)

NOTE: This area of study has had one or more changes made to it since publication on 1 October 2011. For details of change/s, please consult the change register at http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2012handbooks/2012-change-register.html.

Animals are of enormous interest to us, perhaps because we are also animals, and understanding the development and evolution of animals helps us understand ourselves. Animals are integral components of natural systems and they also have a major impact on us as pests competing for our food and as parasites. Zoologists study the diversity of animals, their evolution, form, function, behaviour and ecology. They investigate the interactions of animals with plants, which ultimately are the source of nutrients and shelter, and with microbes, which enable many animals to effectively utilise plants as food. They investigate animals as bioindicators of the health of ecosystems.

Research in zoology can be undertaken at the level of the whole animal down to the level of cell biology, biochemical processes and their genetic control. A knowledge of zoology can be used to understand how animals work, how they solve environmental challenges and how they interact with each other. Much of this information is relevant to the management, protection and conservation of animals and provides skills needed in many careers related to these themes. Examples of careers available to students that study zoology include biotechnology, ecological/environmental consulting, government departments (eg environment, parks, primary industry and sustainability), animal husbandry and welfare, research and teaching.

Studying zoology at Monash University begins with general biology in first year, where the basics of animal evolution, diversity, structure and function are covered. In second year there is a greater focus on these topics in two units that deal with animal diversity and animal structure and function specifically. In third year we develop this understanding further with units focused on animal behaviour and the biology of Australian vertebrate animals. Other units on evolution, ecology, marine biology and environmental management complement the development of broader understanding of the role and importance of animals in our world.

Objectives

On completion of a major sequence in zoology students will:

• have developed an understanding of animal diversity and the evolutionary development of the major animal groups, the morphology of animals and how morphology is related to animal function and ecology, how genetic and environmental effects underlie variation in animal behaviour and how foraging, social and reproductive behaviour of animals promotes their survival and gene replication in the environments in which they have evolved, and how the diversity and biology of Australian animals is influenced by the history, biogeography and ecology of the region
• have developed practical skills in experimental methods relevant to the zoological sciences, including animal identification, animal physiology techniques, morphological techniques and quantitative field methods
• be familiar with principles of experimental design and data collection and interpretation
• have developed, in the context of the discipline, the graduate attributes of effective communication, quantitative literacy, information and communication literacy, inquiry and critical thinking, and ethical, social and international understanding
• be fully prepared for further study, teaching, research, and employment in zoology.

Level one

• BIO1011 Biology I
• BIO1022 Biology II
• BIO1042 Environmental biology

Level two

• BIO2022 Evolution and systematics
• BIO2231 Animal diversity
• BIO2242 Animal structure and function

Level three

• BIO3011 Research methods in biology
• BIO3021 Marine biology
• BIO3052 Animal behaviour
• BIO3082 Plant global change biology
• BIO3091 Ecology of Australian vegetation
• BIO3111 Ecological management
• BIO3122 Freshwater ecology
• BIO3132 Biology of Australian vertebrates
• BIO3820 Tropical terrestrial biology
• BIO3990 Biology in action research project
• GEN3030 Developmental and cellular genetics
• GEN3040 Advanced molecular genetics and its applications
• GEN3051 Medical and forensic genetics
• GEN3062 Evolutionary and ecological genetics
• GEN3990 Genetics in action research project

Minor sequence in zoology (24 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• two of BIO2231, BIO2242, BIO3052 or BIO3132

Major sequence in zoology (48 points)

• BIO1011 and one of BIO1022 or BIO1042
• BIO2231 and BIO2242
• BIO3052, BIO3132, and either 12 points of BIO or GEN units at level three, or BIO2022 and one BIO or GEN unit at level three

Requirements for honours in zoology

• BIO3011, BIO3052, BIO3132 and a relevant 6-point level-three unit listed above

Additional information

Level one

Coordinator: Dr Gerry Rayner

Students studying zoology in their first year will take BIO1011 plus BIO1022 and/or BIO1042. The focus in first year is to provide the basic knowledge on the structure and evolution of animals, their cellular and molecular composition, some fundamentals of ecology and the metabolic and homeostatic systems that enable them to survive. Examples are drawn from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrae animals to illustrate and explain the principles of animal design and function.

Level two

Coordinator: Dr Richard Reina

Students planning to complete a major sequence must complete BIO2231 and BIO2242 before proceeding to level three zoology. There is also the option to include BIO2022 in the major. Alternatively, completion of the level two zoology units can comprise a minor in the zoology area of study. Level two zoology builds upon first year to examine the diversity and evolutionary development of animals in more detail, and comprehensively investigates the distinguishing features of the different animal groups. There is further development of the themes of homeostasis through the physiological systems of circulation, excretion and respiration. Students also examine how animals move using locomotory structures in different environments, how they obtain and process nutrition and the variety of reproductive strategies they use. The teaching in the units available at level two is a combination of lectures and practical activities, including laboratory sessions examining live animals and prepared specimens of different kinds. Skills in animal identification and functional anatomy are also gained through hands-on practical activities.

Level three

Coordinator: Dr Richard Reina

The final year of the zoology area of study builds upon the knowledge gained in earlier levels and continues it in BIO3052 and BIO3132. In these units we investigate animal communication, development of behaviour, behavioural ecology and the way in which vertebrate animals deal with the environmental challenges of living in the Australian habitat. These units combine lecture, practical and project work with some time spent in the field seeing animals in action. Both units are required for completion of the zoology major, along with one or two from a variety of other units offered by the school, including BIO3021, BIO3011, BIO3111 and BIO3122.

Honours

In addition to the requirements listed above, students must meet the entry requirements for the Science honours program relevant to their course of enrolment. See the entries for:

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Full details regarding the course structure for honours in this area of study are outlined in course 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science.

Single degrees

• 2340 Bachelor of Environmental Science
• 0050 Bachelor of Science
• 3520 Bachelor of Science Advanced with Honours
• 1120 Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)

Double degrees

• 0530 Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science
• 3537 Bachelor of Arts (Global) and Bachelor of Science
• 3528 Bachelor of Biomedical Science and Bachelor of Science
• 1469 Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Science
• 3517 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Computer Science
• 3711 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 1633 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Education
• 3278 Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 4609 Bachelor of Environmental Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 3282 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering and Bachelor of Science
• 0085 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering
• 0086 Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Laws

Honours degrees

• 0051 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science
• 2188 Honours degree of Bachelor of Science (Science Scholar Program)