Monash University: University Handbooks: Undergraduate Handbook 2001: Subjects indexed by faculty
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Earth sciences


The discipline

Earth science is an interdisciplinary science comprising the sub-disciplines of geology, geochemistry, geophysics, environmental geoscience, computational geoscience and palaeontology. These subjects are fully interdisciplinary and reflect the diverse nature of geological and geophysical science.
The application of chemical, physical, mathematical, biological and computing principles forms the basis of these subjects, and allows students to identify specific aspects of earth sciences, and the sciences in general, which may be pursued in detail in the later years of study. Earth science-based careers span fuel and mineral exploration and extraction industries, engineering geology and hydrogeology, government surveys, environmental studies, marine science, teaching and research in universities and many other organisations.
First-year students should include 12-point options ESC1011 and ESC1022 (Planet earth) in earth sciences and SCI1020 (The design of science), and at least one of chemistry, physics, biology and physical geography. Those with an ultimate aim to specialise in palaeontology preferably should take biology. Those with interests in environmental science are advised to take biology and chemistry. Those with interests in geophysics are advised to take physics. First-year students who intend to major in geology are strongly advised to discuss their curriculum with members of staff.
Second-year geology studies should include at least 18 points of geology by combining ESC2011 (Crustal processes) with ESC2022 (Origin and evolution of the earth's crust) and ESC2061 (Field geology). These are required to successfully complete third-year geology studies. In addition, at least one other second-year coherent package of 12 points from another department (Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Statistics, Biological Sciences, Computer Science and Software Engineering, Geography and Environmental Science) should be taken. The remaining points of the 48 credit points required may also be taken in this way, or made up of individual six credit point subjects. Additional options in the Department of Earth Sciences are six-point subjects ESC2032 (Vertebrate life on earth) and ESC2042 (Environmental Geoscience I). It is strongly recommended that at least one other of these six-point subjects be taken by students proceeding to third-year earth sciences studies. BSc (Environmental) and Bachelor of Environmental Science students may choose ESC2042 as part of the environmental geoscience stream. Students intending to major in geophysics are recommended to take 12 points in each of earth sciences, mathematics and physics.
Third-year geology studies can involve 48 point or 24 point programs in earth sciences. If 24 points are taken in geology or geophysics, the remaining 24 points may be made up according to faculty course requirements. Bachelor of Environmental Science students or geology and geophysics students interested in the environment may choose the environmental geoscience subject.
Students majoring in geology may combine geophysics with geology in third year. Those requiring a smaller geophysics component may take geophysics subjects as part of their geology studies concentrating on resource subjects (ore deposits, petroleum) which include a basic geophysics component.
Geophysics involves the application of physics, mathematics and computing to the interpretation of the subsurface structure and distribution of rock types and resources using electronic instrumentation and computational data processing techniques. Students majoring in geophysics are encouraged to choose a second major in either geology, mathematics or physics.
Upon satisfactory completion of third-year degree requirements, honours or masters preliminary programs are recommended for suitably qualified students in geology and geophysics, to enhance substantially professional opportunities. The honours program is a one-year course, the basis of which is a research project. The MSc preliminary course is a combination of coursework and research, and providing progress is satisfactory at the end of the year, allows entry into the full masters program, which normally involves one additional year of study by coursework and/or research.

Discipline structure

First year

Coordinator: Ms Marion Anderson
In first year, the department offers the subjects ESC1011 (Planet earth and its environment: the cosmic connection) and ESC1022 (Planet earth: dynamic systems, environmental change and resources).
ESC1011 is of interest to students seeking a broad overview of earth and environmental sciences. There are three one-hour lectures and one three-hour practical session per week, and a one-day field excursion near the middle of the semester. Practical sessions illustrate and enhance material covered in the lectures.
ESC1022 continues to provide an overview of earth and environmental sciences, in particular an introduction to processes which have shaped the earth's crust through its evolution. The subject consists of three one-hour lectures and one three-hour lab each week, together with two field excursions. Practicals illustrate and enhance material covered in the lectures.

Second year

Coordinator: Dr Ian Cartwright Prerequisites: ESC1011 and ESC1022
The second-year earth sciences program builds on the material presented in the first-year earth sciences subjects and provides an introduction to the more detailed studies of the third-year earth sciences subjects.
The mainstream program consists of a detailed examination of the characteristics of rocks and minerals, and how they form. It is also an introduction to the ways in which geoscientists reconstruct the physical and chemical conditions and processes that existed in the geological past. The manner in which rocks deform and the interpretation of tectonic structures and processes is an important part of the program; in addition, the processes by which mineral and ore deposits form are introduced.
The department offers two six-point subjects. Students planning to take earth sciences in third year are required to do ESC2011 (Crustal processes) and ESC2022 (Origin and evolution of the earth's crust), which will be offered sequentially in first and second semester. Such students will be expected to have completed the prerequisite first-year subjects ESC1011 and ESC1022. Students with better-than-average academic records may be permitted to enrol in the mainstream second-year earth sciences program without these prerequisites with the permission of the head of department. In addition to ESC2011 and ESC2022, students intending to take earth sciences in third year are strongly advised to complete ESC2061 (Field geology). Other six-point subjects are ESC2042 (Environmental geoscience I) and ESC2032 (Vertebrate life on planet earth), and students who wish to progress to third year are also strongly advised to take one of these.
ESC2011, ESC 2061 and ESC2022 will also be available to students wishing to take them as independent subjects to support other studies. Students with interests in any of the second-year geology subjects and not intending to proceed to third-year earth sciences studies may take any subject or combination of subjects.

Third year

Coordinator: Dr David Gray Prerequisites: ESC2011 and ESC2022
The third-year program in earth sciences consists of six-point subjects in geology, geophysics and environmental geoscience. Units within the subjects can be taken in a number of combinations depending on the student's interests; however the combinations mainly fall into two main sequences -- geology and geophysics.

Geology

Students intending to become professional earth scientists may take 48 points in geology and environmental geoscience or combine two 24-point sequences in geology and geophysics (see below) within the Department of Earth Sciences. Students who are primarily interested in earth sciences, but who also wish to maintain or explore interests in other disciplines may combine a 24-point sequence in another discipline provided they meet the degree requirements of the Faculty of Science.
Relevant third-year coursework subjects taken in other Monash departments (especially the departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography and Environmental Science, Mathematics, Physics) may in some cases be incorporated into earth sciences subjects. Where subjects in particular areas of earth sciences are not offered in the Monash Department of Earth Sciences, students may be able to gain access to suitable subjects in the geology departments of La Trobe and Melbourne universities. Both of these options may be exercised only after discussion with (and with the permission of) the third-year coordinator.
To complete either a 24-point or 48-point geology discipline, all students are strongly recommended to attend the two-week third-year field mapping camp ESC3180. As part of the Department of Earth Sciences core third-year program, students completing the 48-point discipline should take ESC3201 (Deformation and metamorphism of the crust) and ESC3211 (Sedimentation and magmatism in crustal evolution).
ESC3180 (Field excursion), ESC3222 (Crustal evolution of Gondwana) and either GPS3221 (Regional geophysics) or GPS3212 (Global geophysics), other six-point units including ESC3191 (Environmental geoscience II), ESC3152 (Petroleum geology), ESC3162 (Ore deposit geology and geochemistry), ESC3212 (Volcanology and geochemistry), GPS3241 (Exploration geophysics: reflection seismology) and GPS3232 (Electrical geophysics) can be taken as electives to make up the 48 points.
Students interested in the earth sciences project option ESC3200 should obtain permission from eith the third-year coordinator or head of department.

Geophysics

Coordinator: Professor James Cull (Geophysics subjects) Prerequisites: Any 12 point sequence in second-year geology, physics, applied mathematics, engineering or computer science, or permission of head of department
Students intending to major in geophysics should take the four six-point subjects GPS3221 (Regional geophysics), GPS3241 (Exploration geophysics: reflection seismology), GPS3212 (Global geophysics) and GPS3232 (Electrical geophysics). The 12-point subject PHS3331 (Applied physics) may be taken in first semester, in addition to, or in place of, two of the six-point subjects. There may also be other elective subjects available to students majoring in geophysics. For further information, refer to the discipline coordinator.
Students taking a single major (24 points) in geophysics are advised to combine this choice with 24 points of third-year subjects in one of geology (ESC), mathematics (MTH) or physics (PHS). Students taking 36 points of geophysics subjects are advised to combine this choice with 12 points from either the third-year ESC, MTH or PHS streams.
Students interested in the earth sciences project option ESC3200 should obtain permission from eith the third-year coordinator or head of department.
Students intending to continue on to honours level geophysics should consult the geophysics coordinator when selecting third-year subjects.

Fourth year

At fourth-year level, students may choose to do either a one-year honours program or the masters preliminary program. Entry into either requires a distinction average or higher in a coherent package of subjects of at least 24 points in third-year geology, geophysics, physics, mathematics or computer science. The honours program involves limited coursework, seminars and a major research project. Entry into an MSc preliminary will be based on a credit grade average in relevant third-year subjects. A case can be made for applicants applying several years after graduation, provided it can be demonstrated they have sufficient aptitude for research in the proposed field. The masters preliminary program involves more coursework and/ or project work, but also a substantial research project. Satisfactory completion of the masters preliminary program after one year at a standard equivalent to an honours grade of H2A or better qualifies the candidate to enter the full masters program, which involves one further year of study as outlined in the graduate studies handbook.

Honours in earth sciences

Coordinator: Dr Mark Jessell Prerequisites: A distinction average in 24 points of third-year subjects in geology, geophysics, mathematics or physics and/or permission of the head of department, and approval of the faculty Honours places are subject to quotas Students must already have qualified for an undergraduate degree
Entry into the BSc(Hons) course may take place either in first semester or second semester. A mid-year start is possible for students who have limited background in the geological sciences, to enable them to take supplementary studies in first semester. BSc(Hons) students will be required to submit a research thesis at the end of the honours year. The subject of this thesis will be decided in discussion between the student, the supervisor and the coordinator and may involve field, laboratory and/or theoretical studies. In addition, a reading essay and seminar presentation on specialised aspects of the student's work will be required at set times during the year, and all students are required to take at least 15 days of courses which may be field or lecture-based. Available programs will be listed by the coordinator and must be chosen in consultation with supervisors.
Students transferring to geology or geophysics from other streams will be required to attend seminars and programs related to their project. A minimum of three lecture units is normally compulsory, selected in consultation with the supervisor, from the list of units available to the MSc preliminary/MSc stream.
Students may undertake honours programs in either geology or geophysics, although research projects may involve elements of both.

Subjects offered

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