Dr Barrie Finnin
81 lectures and 55 hours of combined practical work and tutorials.
The aim of the subject is to provide students with a detailed knowledge of the interaction between the dose form and the patient and to provide a knowledge of the factors affecting drug product stability.
In this teaching program students are expected to develop:
Applied pharmacokinetics. Model-independent pharmacokinetics, physiological modelling, drug metabolism, non-linear pharmacokinetics, drug dosage in renal failure, drug dosage in liver disease, kinetics of haemodialysis, pharmacokinetics in pregnancy, effects of age on pharmacokinetics, drugs in milk.
Therapeutic drug monitoring. Prediction of dosage, use of population parameters, bayesian and probability methods.
Bioavailability. Definition, measurement of bioavailability, design of bioavailability studies, generic equivalence, dissolution testing.
Biopharmaceutics of the following dose routes. Peroral, buccal, rectal, percutaneous, occular, nasal, vaginal, parenteral.
Drug interactions. Pharmacokinetics of drug interactions involving absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
Industrial pharmacy. The role of the pharmacist in the pharmaceutical industry. The code of `Good Manufacturing Practice'. Total quality management. Statistical process control.
Drug stability. Physical stability of selected dose forms, non-chemical loss; shelflife, storage conditions, accelerated stability testing, stability trial design; chemical stability, pH-rate profiles, hydrolysis, profiles of esters and amides; oxidation, photolysis; procedures for stabilisation; parenteral formulation design.
Practical classes are designed to provide experience in sterile dispensing, formulation exercises and biopharmaceutics.
Recommended texts
Florence A T and Atwood D Physicochemical principles of pharmacy 2nd edn, Macmillan, 1988
Shargel L and Yu A B C Applied biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics 3rd edn, Appleton and Lange, 1993
Students should also retain textbooks utilised in earlier years of the course
Reference books
Banker G S and Rhodes C T Modern pharmaceutics 3rd edn, Marcel Dekker, 1996
Gibaldi M Biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacokinetics 4th edn, Lea and Febiger, 1991
Subject assessment will reflect the learning objectives outlined above. Methods of assessment will include:
Mr John Hurley
52 lectures and 50 hours of practical work.
The aim of the subject is to cover the medicinal chemistry of current therapeutic agents. Aspects that are significant for the practice of pharmacy are emphasised.
In this teaching program students are expected to develop:
Drug design. Theories and mechanisms of drug action, drug-receptor interactions, optimisation of drug response, application to recently developed drugs. NMR studies of protein-ligand interactions in drug design.
Drugs affecting the central nervous system. The structure-activity relationships and molecular conformation of CNS transmitter substances, analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antipsychotics, anti-Parkinson agents, antidepressants, stimulants and hallucinogenic agents.
Steroids and prostaglandins. Structural relationships and functions of the steroid hormones, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, anti-inflammatory agents, sex hormones, prostaglandins and related agents.
Pharmacodynamic agents. The structure, function and presentation of the following classes of therapeutic agents. Cardiovascular drugs, including antihypertensive inotropic and antiarrhythmic agents, vasodilators, coagulants and anticoagulants, plasma extenders and the diuretic agents. Respiratory tract drugs. Drugs affecting metabolic function, including hypoglycaemic and antithyroid agents. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Antiallergenic agents. Local and general anaesthetics.
Enzyme inhibitors as drugs. This lecture series examines the action of a number of clinically useful enzyme inhibitors with a view to understanding their mode of action. The importance of understanding enzyme mechanisms is emphasised, particularly as related to the rational design of new and specific therapeutic agents.
Anti-infective agents. The structure, function and mode of action of the antibiotics, sulphonamides, antitubercular, antimalarial and other antiprotozoal agents.
Detoxifying agents. Chelation therapy in the treatment of heavy-metal poisoning and specific disease states.
Peptides and proteins. The development of the therapeutic potential of peptides and proteins as drugs; structural modifications to endogenous and other peptides leading to increased selectivity, potency and in-vivo stability.
QSAR. Case studies in the application of QSAR concepts to the development of new drugs. Quinolone antimicrobial agents and atypical antipsychotics.
Practical classes are designed to provide experience in the synthesis, identification and characterisation of compounds of medicinal interest. The use of analytical and spectroscopic instrumentation in the analysis of drugs and their metabolites. The use of computers in structure-activity relationships and drug design. Emphasis is placed on technique and general methods. Students are expected to show initiative in organising their work. Performance in laboratory classes is taken into account in assessing students' results in this subject. Students are required to wear safety glasses and laboratory coats when attending practical classes in the chemistry laboratories.
Recommended texts
Smith H J Smith and Williams' `Introduction to the principles of drug design' 2nd edn, Wright/Butterworths, 1988
Victorian College of Pharmacy Medicinal chemistry III laboratory manual VCP, 1997
Reference books
Albert A Selective toxicity 7th edn, Chapman and Hall, 1985
Branden C and Tooze J Introduction to protein structure Garland, 1991
Burger's Medicinal chemistry 4th edn, Wiley, 1980-81
Clarke E G C Isolation and identification of drugs 2nd edn, Pharmaceutical Press, 1986
Delgardo J Wilson and Gisvold's `Textbook of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry' 9th edn, Lippincott, 1991
Foye W O Principles of medicinal chemistry 4th edn, Lea and Febiger, 1995
Krogsgaard-Larsen P and Bundgaard A (eds) A textbook of drug design and development Harwood, 1991
Nogrady T Medicinal chemistry 2nd edn, OUP, 1988
Silverman R B The organic chemistry of drug design and drug action Academic Press, 1992
Williams D H and Fleming I Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry 5th edn, McGraw-Hill, 1995
Subject assessment will reflect the learning objectives outlined above. Methods of assessment will include:
Dr Frederick Mitchelson
81 lectures and 63 hours of practical work.
The aims of the subject are (i) to extend the knowledge of students in areas of systematic pharmacology not covered in the `Pharmacology I' course, (ii) to provide students with a greater knowledge of disease states and the rational treatment of these diseases by drugs and (iii) to consider biological aspects of drug development.
In this teaching program students are expected to develop:
Endocrinology. Hypothalamic and feedback controls on the release of anterior and posterior pituitary hormones. The physiology of growth hormone; prolactin; thyroxine and triiodothyronine; corticosteroids; oestrogens, progestagens and androgens; vasopressin and oxytocin; insulin and glucagon; parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. Endocrine disorders, their pathophysiology and treatment. The use of natural and synthetic hormones and drugs which alter endocrine function; antithyroid, antidiabetic and antifertility agents.
Pharmacology and therapeutics. The physiology and pathology associated with disease states and clinical conditions in various organs and body systems as a background to sites for potential pharmacological activity; the pharmacology of drug groups and individual drugs within these groups as a basis for rational drug therapy and the understanding of side-effects; comparisons between pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in disease treatment and the rational matching of pharmacological treatments with individual patient profiles. Cardiovascular diseases; arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, shock and congestive heart failure. Gastroenterology; antiulcer drugs, laxatives, antidiarrhoeal agents. The respiratory tract; asthma, bronchitis, bronchodilators, expectorants, mucolytics. Inflammatory disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, gout; non-narcotic analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, uricosuric agents. Uterine relaxants and stimulants. Bladder, disorders of micturition. Drugs acting on cell division. The chemotherapy of cancer, carcinogens and immunosuppressant agents.
Central nervous system physiology, pharmacology and therapeutics. The reticular formation, wakefulness and limbic system. The EEG; sleep and epilepsy; antiepileptic drugs, hypnotics, sedatives and anaesthetics. Disorders of locomotion. Aetiology and therapy of Huntington's chorea. Parkinson's disease and spasticity. The role of limbic system, medulla and hypothalamus in the regulation of temperature, food and water intake, coughing, vomiting, respiration, emotion and behaviour. Antipyretics, anorectics, antitussives, emetics and antiemetics, respiratory stimulants, analeptics. Psychiatric disorders and their treatment, tranquillisers, antidepressants, psychomotor stimulants. Narcotics and narcotic analgesics. Headache.
Drug abuse and misuse. Dependence, addiction, tolerance, desensitisation. Dependence characteristics and treatment of abuse of hallucinogens, cocaine and other stimulants, alcohol and cannabis, barbiturates and other depressants, narcotics, tobacco and volatile agents.
Developmental pharmacology. Selection of target molecules; preclinical evaluations; phase I, II and III clinical trials; governmental requirements; post-marketing surveillance; iatrogenic disease, drug interactions. Toxicity testing of drugs and other chemicals, epidemiology; environmental toxicology and industrial diseases.
Practical classes are designed to provide experience through in vivo and in vitro experiments, seminars and discussion groups to illustrate and extend principles discussed in the lecture course.
Recommended texts
Students should retain textbooks utilised in `Pharmacology I'.
Reference books
Greenspan F S Basic and clinical endocrinology 4th edn, Appleton and Lange, 1994
Melmon K L and others Melmon and Morelli's `Clinical pharmacology: Basic principles in therapeutics' 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill, 1992
Pratt W B and Taylor P Principles of drug action: The basis of pharmacology 3rd edn, Churchill Livingstone, 1990
Priestman T J Cancer chemotherapy: An introduction 3rd edn, Springer-Verlag, 1989
Speight T M Avery's `Drug treatment: Principles and practice of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics' 3rd edn, Adis, 1987
Victorian College of Pharmacy Pharmacology II laboratory manual VCP, 1997
Subject assessment will reflect the learning objectives outlined above. Methods of assessment will include:
Dr Kay Stewart
100 lectures, 30 hours of practical work.
The aim of the subject is to provide students with a knowledge and understanding of a range of subjects of importance to the practice of pharmacy and an ability to apply that knowledge and understanding in practice-oriented situations.
In this teaching program, students are expected to develop:
Primary health care. Responding to symptoms - taking a history, making the decision to treat or refer, selection of appropriate medication for treatment of minor ailments, communication with patients and other health professionals; respiratory diseases and treatment: asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases, coughs and colds, nasal problems, ear problems, eye problems, contact lenses; pain: its meanings and treatment; common skin ailments and treatment, wound healing and wound dressings; gastrointestinal diseases: mouth problems, ulcers, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, anorectal conditions; reproductive health: contraception, pregnancy diagnostic tests, thrush, dysmenorrhoea, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, hormone replacement therapy.
Veterinary pharmacy. Comparative anatomy and physiology; diseases transmitted from animals to humans; veterinary dosage forms; common diseases of domesticated animals; the role of the pharmacist in animal care.
Nutrition. The role of pharmacists in nutrition; information sources; the good diet; hazards of food products, uses and abuses of vitamins and minerals; nutrition and obesity; breast feeding and milk products; intravenous and enteral nutrition.
Special patient groups. Patients with cancer, immunocompromised patients, patients with diabetes.
Antimicrobial agents. Selective toxicity, spectrum and classification of antimicrobial agents. Concept of rational chemotherapy vis a vis identity of pathogen, acute/chronic/recurrent infections, site of infection, resistance, adverse drug reactions, and laboratory involvement. Roles of `best-guess' therapy, antibiotic prophylaxis, combined therapy and supportive treatment. Antibiotic use, guidelines, precautions and counselling. The role of the pharmacist in rational prescribing of antimicrobials.
Poisons and antidotes. Poisons information centres; accidental poisoning; intentional poisoning; principles of first aid; specific poisons and antidotes. The role of the pharmacist in cases of poisoning.
Forensic pharmacy. Legislation applicable to drugs, medicines, poisons and pharmacy generally including the following Acts and relevant regulations: Pharmacists Act; Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act; Health Act; National Health Act; Animal Preparations Act; Therapeutic Goods Act; legal and professional responsibilities; professional conduct; pharmacy organisations in Australia.
Thirty hours of practical sessions.
Practical classes are designed to provide experience in applying skills required in provision of primary health care; drug information; computers in pharmacy; counselling; problem solving situations, eg inappropriate dosages, drug interactions, etc; dispensing of medicines; provision of other services and advice on other professional matters.
Recommended texts
Benrimoj S I and others Clinical case studies for community pharmacists: A case for counselling UQP, 1992
Harrison F and Benrimoj S I Clinical case studies for community pharmacists: Prescription drugs UQP, 1994
Holland R When to refer: A handbook for pharmacists PSA, 1993
Pharmacy Board of Victoria Office consolidation 2nd edn, PBV, 1987
Quintrell N Communication skills: A handbook for pharmacists PSA, 1994
Victorian College of Pharmacy Pharmaceutics III/Pharmacy Practice III laboratory manual VCP, 1997
Victorian Drug Usage Advisory Committee Analgesic guidelines 2nd edn, VMPF, 1992
Victorian Drug Usage Advisory Committee Antibiotic guidelines 9th edn, VMPF, 1996
Victorian Drug Usage Advisory Committee Cardiovascular drug guidelines 2nd edn, VMPF, 1995
Victorian Drug Usage Advisory Committee Gastrointestinal drug guidelines VMPF, 1994
Victorian Drug Usage Advisory Committee Psychotropic drug guidelines 3rd edn, VMPF, 1995
Victorian Drug Usage Advisory Committee Respiratory drug guidelines VMPF, 1994
Reference books
Australian pharmaceutical formulary and handbook 15th edn, PSA, 1992
Australian prescription products guide APP, 1996
Bassaly S Diatext: A health professional's guide to diabetes PSA, 1994
Drug interaction facts Facts and Comparisons, 1996
Hasten P D and Horn J R (eds) Drug interaactions and updates Applied Therapeutics, 1996
Martindale W The extra pharmacopoeia 31st edn, Pharmaceutical Press, 1996
The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy 16th edn, Mrerck, 1992
Mosby's medical nursing and allied health dictionary 4th edn, Mosby, 1994
USP DI Vol 1: Drug information for the health care professional 16th edn, USPC, 1996
Journal references
Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin
Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
Australian Journal of Pharmacy
Australian Pharmacist
Australian Prescriber
Current Therapeutics
Subject assessment will reflect the learning objectives outlined above. Methods of assessment will include:
Mr Arthur Pappas
An 80-hour supervised project.
The aim of the project is to enable students to study in depth a topic of relevance to pharmacy. The project may be library, laboratory, hospital or community practice based. In the course of the project, students will utilise and further expand written communication skills developed earlier in the course. Topics may be chosen from a list provided, or may be initiated by students in negotiation with supervisors.
In this teaching program students are expected to develop:
Seven hours of lectures and seminars (Introduction and overview (1 hour); information retrieval (2 hours); report writing (1 hour); scientific methodology and example presentations (3 hours))
Assessment will be based on a written report to be submitted by October. The project will be marked by the supervisor and one additional member of the academic staff. Methods of assessment will include:
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