Areas of study by faculty: Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences

Addiction studies develops academic skills and knowledge in addiction science and produce graduates who have a strong theoretical and practical foundation in current perspectives and advances in the addiction field. This includes the biopsychosocial aspects of addictive behaviours, the historical, political, economic and social factors that affect addictive behaviours, evidence based models of intervention for addiction disorders and the development, implementation and evaluation of policy for addictive behaviours. Students also have the opportunity to develop practical skills in addiction research.

Biomedical science is an interdisciplinary area of study and includes aspects of anatomy, biochemistry, cell biology, clinical medicine, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology, pharmacology and preventive medicine, and physiology.

Courses in this area of study have been designed to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand and investigate the functions of humans and other mammals and include aspects of the traditional biomedical sciences.

Biomedical science is an interdisciplinary area of study and includes aspects of anatomy and developmental biology, biochemistry, cell biology, clinical medicine, epidemiology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology, pharmacology and preventive medicine, and physiology.

The core units in courses offering this area of study have been designed to provide the student with the skills necessary to understand and investigate the functions of humans and other mammals and include aspects of the traditional biomedical sciences.

Biomedical science at Monash includes major contributions from many of the departments of the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences and the Faculty of Science.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen doscipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.

Studies in biostatistics at Monash provide a sound understanding of the theory and application of biostatistics relevant to professional practice. Students acquire skills and experience in complex statistical analyses, identifying and implementing appropriate statistical methodology, communicating biostatistical results and understanding biostatistical literature to develop the technical skills for commencement in a professional career as a biostatistician.

The Biostatistics coursework programs of the School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine are part of a national consortium of universities known as the Biostatistics Collaboration of AustraliaBiostatistics Collaboration of Australia (http://www.bca.edu.au/howthebcaworksnutshell.html). The units studied in the various degree programs are delivered in off campus mode (distance education) by staff of Monash University and of other universities in the Collaboration.

Studies in child psychotherapy provide the professional skills required to undertake the assessment and psychotherapy of children, adolescents and parents who present with emotional and behavioural difficulties.

Postgraduate study in this area provides science graduates and health professionals with advanced practical and theoretical training in clinical embryology and is designed to equip graduates with the knowledge and skills required to work in or manage an IVF facility.

A clinical embryologist requires knowledge and understanding of mammalian embryology, treatment strategies for infertility, all IVF processes, cryopreservation and pre-implantation diagnosis along with a clear understanding of total quality management and ethics in IVF.

At Monash, students undertake a range of activities which provide skills training in IVF processes such as embryo handling, andrology, IVF, slow feezing, vitrification, ICSI and biopsy, are provided the opportunity to experience training in research methods and statistics by undertaking a minor research project.

Clinical neuropsychology is a field which applies an understanding of the neural basis of cognition, behaviour and emotion to the assessment and treatment of adults and children with neurological disorders.

At Monash, courses prepare students for careers in a broad range of settings, including in acute hospitals, rehabilitation centres, aged care programs, psychiatric settings, paediatric facilities and private practice. Training in clinical neuropsychology is extended through specialisation in a choice of areas, including rehabilitation, forensic psychology, and child, adolescent, geriatric and psychiatric neuropsychology.

Postgraduate study in clinical psychology equips psychologists to work in the treatment of children and families, the assessment and management of people in the legal system, or to focus on the application of psychological knowledge to the promotion of health and the prevention and treatment of illness.

The area of clinical epidemiology assists health professionals to make rational evidence-based decisions in clinical practice, undertake clinical audits and clinical research projects. Clinical epidemiology attempts to answer clinical questions relevant to the daily practice of medicine and other health sciences, and to improve patient care. It focuses on individuals or groups of patients in clinical settings.

Graduates may gain employment within clinical research units in medical, nursing, or allied health science or may apply their skills in their usual employment.

Courses in this area are suitable for health care professionals working within the mental health and psychiatric disability fields who wish to upgrade and develop their knowledge and skills in contemporary community mental health practice.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen discipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.

Depending on the location, the provision of treatment and transport of patients suffering a medical emergency can fall to paramedics, nurse or doctors. In the out-of-hospital setting, the clinical role is in stabilising and/or improving the patient's condition in preparation for, and during transportation to hospital.

Courses within this area of study support students to improve their clinical practice and knowledge related to the delivery of emergency health services, while also preparing them for leadership positions.

The field of emergency health encompasses clinical practice areas of relevance to other health professionals, including nurses and doctors who practice within or have an interest in aeromedical retrieval, emergency preparedness and disaster health.

Studies in emergency health at Monash prepares graduates to provide emergency health care to people in the community. Graduates are primarily employed by ambulance services or emergency medical services throughout Australia.

Monash's courses in emergency health cover professionalism and evidence-based practice, and are reflective, clinically competent and patient-focused. Students undertake clinical placements with ambulance services and with other health agencies.

The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners has described family medicine as "whole person care in the context of the family and the community. Continuing care drawing on biomedical, psychological, social and environmental understandings of health".

Primary medical care in Australia, and in many other countries, is largely delivered by general practitioners and has a long and proud history as a clinical discipline. As medical information and knowledge develop, general practitioners/family physicians and other health care professionals need to manage emerging concepts in practice as well as know how to access information and critically analyse literature.

Courses in this area of study are intended for general practitioners and those working in general practice settings who wish to expand their knowledge and skills in areas relevant to family medicine. Students gain critical appraisal skills in reference to the nature of the discipline, its daily practice, and its literature and research base, to meet their own personal and professional needs, as well as the needs of the patients and the community in which they practice.

Forensic behavioural science is an emerging field of discourse at the interface of human services and criminal justice systems, which draws on a range of disciplines including psychology, psychiatry, nursing, criminology, law, social work and ethics.

At Monash, course offering forensic behavioural science have been developed to enhance the knowledge and skills of a broad range of professionals working with people displaying antisocial and criminal behaviour. They address both assessment and management issues, and assists professionals to incorporate 'best practice' principles into their daily work practices.

Forensic medicine aims to develop academic standards of medical and dental practitioners in forensic medical practice and to produce graduates who have a sound knowledge of medico-legal principles. Students have the opportunity to develop practical skills in research as well as in providing clinical forensic services to the community.

Courses in this area of study are designed for health professional educators wishing to study contemporary educational practices and to undertake educational coursework and/or research. Health professional education offers a strong foundation to develop a career path in clinical education at the level of planning, policy, delivery or research.

Health science is a multi-disciplinary field of study that involves applying scientific approaches to the study of health. It includes aspects of biomedical sciences such as physiology, epidemiology, preventive medicine, and pharmacology, and aspects of social sciences such as sociology, program development and evaluation, and policy analysis.

Undergraduate studies in health science are designed to provide students with foundation skills and knowledge in determinants of health and disease, epidemiology, health care systems, health promotion and disease prevention, policy analysis and health sociology. Courses have a distinctly global orientation, examining Australian and international health challenges.

Graduates have a solid foundation for a professional health career in the wide range of public and private sector organisations working to improve health. Employment may be found in public and private sector health organisations, government health departments, non-government health agencies and research centres. Students may also take the course as a pathway to postgraduate clinical programs (e.g. medicine, social work, nursing and allied health) as well as honours and higher degrees by research.

Studies in health services management at Monash are offered by the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine and provides professionals currently in, or seeking to be in, middle and senior health care management positions who wish to expand their knowledge and skills in the management of health services.

Many of the courses offered in this area of study cater for the special needs of medical and general hospital administrators, clinical doctors, quality assurance managers, team leaders, senior nursing administrators, unit managers and a range of general task coordinators within the health care system.

The Master of Health Services Management satisfies the requirements of The Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators (RACMA) Fellowship providing the successful completion of designated core units; MPH5040, MPH5041, MPH5213 and MPH5283, and is accredited by the Australasian College of Health Service Management (ACHSM) for College entry and advancement purposes.

International health considers health in the context of economic and social development, stressing cultural, political, gender and environmental influences, and the impact of armed conflict and population migration. During their studies students have the opportunity to learn about human rights, ethics, law and development. Course content is also informed by field experiences gained by Monash University and Burnet Institute staff in their wide range of health developement projects in more than 20 countries in Asia, the Pacific and Africa.

The design, implementation and evaluation of programs that address the major public health priorities of communities in developing countries are examined.

Medical radiations and radiation therapy as taught at Monash offer courses to facilitate entry into the radiation therapy profession as well as post-graduate course work and research programs for qualified practitioners. Students are prepared for effective and ethical professional practice in radiation therapy and to pursue careers in radiation therapy, research and management. Students are also actively encouraged to engage in a process of lifelong learning and contribute to the development of radiation therapy as a research-based profession.

Topics covered include:

• applications of radiation therapy,
• the use of imaging in radiation therapy; including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and medical ultrasound
• anatomy, pathophysiology, oncology
• radiation therapy physics, equipment and quality assurance
• radiation biology and radiation safety
• health ethics, medical law and psychology
• professional skills, including communication and cultural competence and reflective practice
• clinical practice
• patient care and management
• research and evidence based practice.

Ultrasound imaging is used to demonstrate a person's internal body structures as a cross-sectional or 3D real-time picture on a monitor. A highly skilled professional, known as a sonographer, uses an ultrasound machine to emit high-frequency sound waves and record the reflected echoes, from within the human body to create the diagnostic images. Ultrasound is commonly used to study the developing fetus in almost all pregnant women, and to also demonstrate structures such as abdominal and pelvic organs, muscles and joints, the heart, blood vessels and blood flow. Sonographers need to complete post graduate studies approved by the Australian Sonographers Accreditation Registry, such as the Monash University Master of Medical Ultrasound program, in order to become accredited for clinical practice in Australia.

Undergraduate medicine at Monash examines the individual, population and societal aspects of health and illness, and explores the history and philosophy of the scientific approach to medicine, and the knowledge and concepts that underpin medical and clinical science.

In preparing students to become medical practitioners, studies in this discipline also concentrate on the personal attributes and qualities needed to work as a doctor. Students develop clinical sckills by interacting with a range of healthcare professionals through general practice and rural visits, and gain experience in a wide range of medical work places including accident and emergency, anaesthesia, palliative care, infectious diseases and more.

Medicine is the study of the clinical presentation and treatment of diseases including clinical diagnosis and diseases affecting humans. Surgery is the study of the medical specialisation concerned with principles and practices for treating diseases, injuries, defects and deformities by manual operation and manipulation, and by using instruments and appliances. Examples include post-operative patient progress monitoring, surgical diagnosis, and surgical procedures and techniques.

Students in postgraduate research courses in medicine and surgery are prepared to become independent investigators and pursue medical research.

The study of midwifery at Monash prepares graduates to help women during pregnancy, childbirth and the early parenting period. Midwives work with women to give the necessary support, care, advice and education during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period.

Midwives can work in a variety of settings such as clinics, hospitals, birthing centres or in the home environment.

Postgraduate study in nursing prepares advanced practice nurses with leadership skills to plan, implement and coordinate and evaluate health care, as well as formulate policy for a diverse and multicultural society. Graduates will be well equipped to contribute to the health of individuals, families, communities and the development of the profession.

Note: 3966 Master of Nursing Practice offered at the Clayton campus offers a professional nursing qualification for individuals who have gained a non-nursing undergraduate degree. This intensive program leads to registration with the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia.

Studies in nursing at Monash prepares graduates to provide care and education to patients around clinical reasoning, client care, communication, judgement and research in a range of health service areas.

Graduates are prepared to work in a diverse range of settings including hospitals, community settings, general practices, prisons, homes and residential settings.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen discipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.

Studies in nutrition science and nutrition and dietetics at Monash University provides students with a comprehensive education that taps into the multi-faceted discipline of human nutrition and includes an appreciation of the broad scope of food in society, in-depth knowledge of nutritional and biomedical science and the role of nutrition in health and disease.

The scientific content has a strong emphasis on developing research skills and personal and professional development is a concurrent theme throughout the courses enabling graduates to effectively communicate nutrition research and public health messages to both experts and lay people in their chosen career paths.

Depending on the course students will either gain practical experience in a range of professional placement settings including healthcare settings or will undertake an independent nutrition research project.

Graduates will be well equipped to take advantage of a broad range of future vocational and academic opportunities in an area of study that draws from many disciplines, but has a strong basis in science. In addition, the degrees provide excellent preparation for postgraduate study in a variety of areas including research, public health and dietetics.

Courses in this area are designed to equip workplace professionals with the skills and knowledge to prevent and manage occupational health problems, and evaluate health problems in communities thought to be associated with industrial activities. It is particularly suitable for medical practitioners, nurses, allied health personnel, scientists and occupational health and safety managers.

Occupational therapy is a health profession concerned with enabling people of all ages who may have physical, mental, developmental and/or social challenges to participate in their activities of everyday life, thereby, promoting their health and well-being through occupation. Enhancing someone's ability to participate in everyday activities is a central part of occupational therapy practice. 'Occupation' addresses the range of activities that people want or need to do in their everyday lives, such as looking after themselves (self-care), enjoying life (play and leisure), and contributing to the social and economic fabric of their communities (productivity, going to school, being employed).

The occupational therapy curriculum taught at Monash uses a combination of traditional and scenario-based learning methods and teaching techniques and incorporates knowledge from the disciplines of occupational science as well as the biomedical, behavioural and social sciences.

Physiotherapists are health care professionals who use exercise, education, movement analysis, manual therapy and specialist techniques to restore, maintain and improve health. Physiotherapists manage the health of people across the lifespan - from the very young to the very old.

Physiotherapy studies include, but are not restricted to, sports physiotherapy, post-surgical care, trauma and emergency care and the management of strokes and neurological disorders in adults and children.

In physiotherapy studies at Monash, fundamental biomedical and behavioural sciences are introduced alongside the foundations of physiotherapy practice and research, in the context of case based learning. Students also engage in inter-professional education, where they learn from and about other health disciplines to foster understanding and to assist the development of professional roles and team work in the clinical setting. As studies progress, the emphasis moves to a clinical focus and learning is undertaken primarily in the clinical environment where students gain knowledge and practical experience in the delivery of physiotherapy as a member of the multidisciplinary health care team.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen discipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.

Studies in psyciatry at Monash are designed with mental health professionals in mind. For htose who work in mental health, welfare, disability, education or criminal justice courses nt his area of study provide advanced training and knowledge up-skilling relevant to both community and closed environments. Specialist pathways are available to develop skills in community mental health and child psychotherapy.

Courses in this area are designed to equip medical practitioners with training in the academic aspects of psychiatry within the context of a broad clinical training in psychological medicine.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen discipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.

Psychology is the study of mind and behaviour. It is a broad scientific discipline that includes investigations of the brain, learning, memory, reasoning, decision making, language, developmental and social processes, personality, and mental health and well being.

Psychology is the study of mind and behaviour. It is a broad scientific discipline that includes investigations of the brain, learning, memory, reasoning, decision making, language, developmental and social processes, personality, and mental health and well-being. It is also concerned with the practical and ethical applications of psychological research to the profession.

Postgraduate study in public health provides students with the full range of quantitative, analytical and communication skills necessary to work in the broad domain of public health. It especially focuses on developing skills in the quantitative methods of the population-based health sciences and their problem-solving application for primary care provision, both in Australia and for developing countries. Courses with health specialisation streams are offered in clinical research methods, disease prevention and health promotion, health economics, health services management, international health, occupational and environmental health and research.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen discipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.

Radiography and medical imaging as taught at Monash offers students the opportunity to study topics that facilitates entry into the radiography profession, including:

• methodologies of radiographic, medical, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, digital vascular imaging, general sonographic and breast imaging
• digital image processing
• radiologic physics and biology
• dosimetry and safety
• pharmacology
• professional skills and cinical studies
• research and advanced topics in medical imaging.

Students are prepared for effective and ethical professional practice in a diverse range of modern medical imaging modalities and to pursue careers in medical imaging, research and management. Students are also actively encouraged to engage in a process of lifelong learning and contribute to the development of radiography as a research-based profession.

Postgraduate study in the area of reproduction and development provides graduates in science, biomedical and health sciences, including nursing, medicine and veterinary science professionals, with a detailed understanding of advanced theory in and clinical applications of the reproductive sciences, including emerging biotechnologies. Students also receive training in laboratory skills and research experience.

Research supervision is available in a range of areas including human reproduction, animal reproduction, women's health, fetal and neonatal physiology, embryology, development, molecular and cellular endocrinology, stem cell biology, and reproductive toxicology.

This area of study focuses on specialist areas of research relevant to rural health in line with the current strategic research directions for the School of Rural Health, which are outlined below as the intersection between overarching rural health priorities and defining issues in rural health.

Overarching rural health priorities:

• ageing well
• chronic Illness
• Indigenous Health
• mental Health and wellbeing.

Defining issues in rural health:

• access to rural primary health care
• innovative rural medical and health education and training
• quality rural health care services and health systems
• sustainable rural health workforce and development

While the above research priorities are not meant to be prescriptive, it is expected that any new postgraduate program of research would be relevant to rural health and fit with the available research supervisionavailable research supervision (http://www.med.monash.edu.au/srh/research/researchers.html) expertise within the school.

Social workers assist individuals, groups and communities to address their problems. With its focus on helping people in need, social work is a profession committed to social justice and respect for human rights. Social workers provide a wide range of services to help people who are distressed or overwhelmed by problems such as poverty, substance abuse, homelessness, conflict or parental difficulties.

Social workers assist people, groups and communities to address their problems. With its focus on helping people in need, social work is a profession committed to social justice and respect for human rights. Social workers provide a wide range of services to help people who are distressed or overwhelmed by problems such as poverty, substance abuse, homelessness, conflict or parental difficulties.

Social work studies at Monash equip students with a sound general foundation for beginning social work practice. The double degrees combine a professional qualification in social work with the achievement of an second degree. Social work at Monash seeks to comply with, and where possible exceed, the minimum requirements established by the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) for social work educational courses leading to a first qualification in the area.

The main focus is for the student to establish an appreciation that fundamental scientific questions may have multidisciplinary clinical answers. Other core learning outcomes are through understanding how scientific concepts can be marketed and communicated effectively through research pipeline procedures and the responsibilities of the researcher that may be derived from this.

This program provides doctoral (PhD) students with the opportunity to focus on developing knowledge and expertise in their chosen discipline, as well as developing professional skills that will support their career ambitions.

Each student's research will be supported by the development of a range of skills that will help them to become more efficient researchers, ultimately improving the quality of the research and developing generic/transferable skills of value to prospective employers.