MONASH UNIVERSITY FACULTY HANDBOOKS

Medicine Handbook 1996

Published by Monash University
Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia

Caution Copyright © Monash University 1996
ISBN 1037-0919

Authorised by Academic Registrar, April 1996


FACULTY INFORMATIONPart 1

CONTENTS

  1. Responsibility for subject choice
  2. Introduction
  3. Structure and organisation of the faculty
  4. Information on undergraduate studies
  5. International students
  6. Credit transfer and recognition of prior learning

Responsibility for subject choice

Students are advised that, while the faculty will endeavour to give every possible assistance and advice concerning subject choice, the onus is on the student to ensure that the subjects selected meet the course regulations and requirements. This is not the faculty's responsibility and the faculty does not take any responsibility for error in subject selection.


Introduction

The Faculty of Medicine at Monash University is pleased to welcome incoming students who have shown by their scholastic performance that they are intellectually very able, that they are creative, that they are dedicated and that they are capable of the hard work that is needed to succeed in gaining entry to the course. The faculty is aware that these achievements require a high level of motivation and commitment. This drive and ambition needs to be maintained through the long and difficult course ahead. The faculty accepts that it has a responsibility to foster motivation and to expose its students to the varied range of opportunities which are provided through medicine as a profession. In addition, students themselves need to maintain their enthusiasm for their personal goals in medicine, their intellectual curiosity about the knowledge base on which the practice of medicine is founded and their desire and sense of purpose to be involved in one of the most highly regarded professions concerned with providing services essential to the health needs of the community. No matter what the endeavour in which the medical graduate eventually becomes involved, great satisfaction will be gained through the service that he or she can provide.

The Faculty of Medicine is committed to the maintenance of the very highest standards. These are guaranteed by the personal values, and the high distinction in their professional areas, of the members of staff of the faculty. They are also contributed to by the high quality of the students in the medical course. Nothing but the top standards should satisfy these students whose own aspirations should be to achieve the highest levels of performance of which they are capable. The community at large expects the best professional competency in the medical graduates who will assume responsibility for its health. Moreover, the profession itself demands that the highest standards be guaranteed by the medical schools which are responsible for the training of future members of the profession. Our staff, our students and our graduates establish the reputation of our Faculty of Medicine.

The Faculty of Medicine expects the student body to be interactive with the staff and with the faculty itself. Student opinion is valued and critical comment on elements of the course is expected and appreciated. Students have a role in the development of faculty policy, in curricular reform, in faculty innovation and in presenting the faculty and its achievements in the public arena. The government of the faculty (the faculty board) includes student representatives, and the student body itself is organised, through its own society, to deal with aspects of the social support of students as well as some of their educational aspirations.

For all students, personal objectives must include the acquisition of the ability to read published work critically and to distinguish between fact and inference. Students must be able to form opinions and attitudes which are based on fact and evidence and which can be clearly and effectively expressed and communicated. The course content and its structure are always being evaluated, updated and revised so that the primary objectives of acquisition of essential knowledge, development of appropriate skills, learning of expertise in problem solving and formation of caring and considerate attitudes will be attended to. Great emphasis is placed on communication abilities because of the essential place which these occupy in all aspects of medicine and in all human interactions. Moreover, the faculty is committed to a concept of education as a continuing activity throughout the whole of a person's life.

The approach adopted in the course assumes that all students will recognise that they have personal responsibility for their own learning. Material will be provided, instruction will be offered, and concerned and caring teachers with great skill and expertise will be available to help. However, it is the personal development of each individual student that is the objective of medical education. This involves active personal attention by each individual to the acquisition of appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes and this must be understood to be the responsibility of each and every student.

Personal development is not just a matter of formal studies within the structure of the course. Medical graduates will find their satisfaction through work within a general community of which they become interacting members. Their contributions to that community, and the level of satisfaction they gain from their place within that community, will depend in large measure on their capacities for intellectual, social, sporting and cultural participation in community activities. These aspects of personal development must continue to be part of the daily lives of university students so that they will be comfortable in their later professional roles in a variety of contexts and so that, in spite of the heavy load of hard work in the course itself, they maintain their involvement in broader aspects of social life and do not become isolated bookworms whose only social contacts are with other studious medical students. In the past, medical students and medical graduates have been numbered among the most successful of the nation's athletes, musicians, sports persons, scientists, politicians, journalists, authors, poets, diplomats, welfare providers and philosophers. That should continue to be our expectation.

This welcome to the Faculty of Medicine at Monash urges you to join in all the activities which are available to you and to enjoy yourselves, while assuming full personal responsibility for your own approach to learning and to the development of your personal career.

R Porter, Dean, Faculty of Medicine


Structure and organisation of the faculty

The Faculty of Medicine comprises the academic, technical, administrative and clerical staff as well as all students undertaking courses offered by the faculty.

The teaching departments of the Faculty of Medicine are Anaesthesia, Anatomy, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Psychological Medicine, Social and Preventive Medicine, Community Medicine and Forensic Medicine. In addition the faculty has a Unit of Medical Informatics and research centres including the Institute for Reproduction and Development, the Centre for Early Human Development, the Centre for Molecular Biology and Medicine and the Centre for Bioprocess Technology. The faculty also has strong links with research institutes such as the Baker Medical Research Institute (Alfred Hospital), The Prince Henry's Institute for Medical Research (Monash Medical Centre), the Mental Health Research Institute (Royal Park Hospital), and the MacFarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research (Fairfield Hospital).

The academic operations of the faculty are governed by the faculty board. The dean is the chairperson of faculty board and has administrative responsibility for the faculty. As head of the faculty, the dean is assisted with administrative matters by the faculty manager and administrative officers. Assistance with academic matters is provided by the associate deans and the assistant dean. Teaching in the hospitals and other clinical settings is coordinated through the offices of the clinical subdeans and the hospital clinical deans. Heads of departments and directors of centres and institutes provide academic leadership within their disciplines and are responsible for the management of staff and resources. Heads and directors together with all other professors play a significant role in the overall academic activities of the faculty.


Information on undergraduate studies

The normal way for a person to become a medical practitioner in Victoria is by doing a university course leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MB BS). The graduate is then eligible for provisional registration by the Medical Practitioners Board of Victoria and after serving a compulsory internship year in an approved hospital, is eligible for final registration in Victoria, and for registration in other States of Australia.

The Monash course was formerly approved by the General Medical Council of Great Britain. The Australian Medical Council (AMC) now has the responsibility for the accreditation of medical schools in Australia. This accreditation `is required to provide assurance to State and Territory Medical Boards of the continued satisfactory standard of graduates from all Australian medical schools.' In 1993 the Monash Medical course was accredited for ten years - the maximum period attainable.

Quota

In 1995 the first year of the medical course had 145 places which included students who were permitted to repeat the year, and those who took up a reserved place after deferring admission. In addition to these places the faculty offers up to fifteen first-year places to suitably qualified overseas students on a full-fee paying basis.

Selection

Selection into the course will continue to be based primarily on academic merit as indicated by VCE results. In addition, the results of a structured interview to assess personal qualities will be used as part of the selection process. Structured interviews are used as an adjunct to our selection procedure for several reasons.

(1) The recommendation of the Federal Government's Inquiry into Medical Education and the Medical Workforce (the Doherty Committee) that personal qualities be taken into account in selection of medical students.

(2) A perceived community attitude that selection for medicine courses based solely on academic success at secondary school, may not be entirely appropriate.

(3) The curriculum places greater emphasis on humanistic issues than previously, so it is appropriate that selection procedures should be modified accordingly.

(4) The structured interview process has been tested since 1991 when all school leavers who obtained a place were interviewed on enrolment. An analysis of the data from student interviews indicates that the interview can predict how well students perform in some aspects of the new curriculum where Year 12 results are not predictive (eg the Health, Illness and Human Behaviour and the Clinical and Communication Skills subjects).

VCE prerequisites

The prerequisites for entry into medicine at Monash from 1995 are:

(a) a grade average of B in English;

(b) a grade average of B in Chemistry

(c) a grade average of B in Specialist Mathematics or Mathematical Methods and a grade average of C in Physics or Biology;

or

(d) a grade average of C in Specialist Mathematics or Mathematical Methods and a grade average of B in Physics or Biology.

Selection procedures

1. Tertiary Entrance Rank (TER)

VTAC will calculate a TER as a percentile (eg 99.00) for each applicant. The TER will be calculated using English and the next three best study scores (other than English) and 10 per cent increments for two additional studies (one may be a first-year university subject). The university will receive this information in January, not December when it is received by students.

2. General selection criteria

Selection into the medical course is based upon a combination of the applicant's TER and performance at a structured interview. It is expected that few, if any, applicants will be selected on the basis of TER score alone. Two groups of applicants who have met the prerequisites will be called for a structured interview.

(a) Those who have reached a certain threshold TER (eg above 99.00) - approximately 200 applicants.

(b) Approximately 200 additional applicants who have obtained a somewhat lower TER (eg 97.00 or above) and have demonstrated:

+ exceptionally high scores in English and Chemistry; and/or

+ exceptionally high scores in Biology, Mathematics or Physics; and/or

+ evidence of circumstances which have adversely affected their schooling.

Applicants who have taken more than two years for units 3 and 4 may be accorded lower priority for eligibility and not be called for interview. The TER score used by the Faculty of Medicine will include an adjustment for the previously published 10 per cent bonus for Physics. The faculty reserves the right to offer places to some applicants without interview.

3. Interviews

Approximately 400 applicants, identified as indicated above, will be invited to attend a structured interview during mid January.

4. Special early interview

In exceptional circumstances where applicants will be unavailable or have planned overseas travel commitments in January, the faculty may grant an early interview. Such an interview will be conducted during the first two weeks of December. Applications in writing must be received by the faculty office by mid November and include written support from the school principal and documentation of reasons for unavailability in January.

5. Final selection

The final ranked list of applicants from which places will be offered will take into account the applicant's TER and performance at interview. Applicants will be offered places in the order of this final ranking until the quota of places is filled.

Structured interview

There are four criteria that distinguish between a structured and unstructured interview.

(1) Interview content is derived from an analysis of what the selected people will be expected to do.

(2) The questions are standardised, ie similar questions are put to each applicant.

(3) Some sample answers are provided to the interviewers to enable them to give consistent ratings.

(4) The interview is conducted by a panel of interviewers.

The interview questions have been designed to determine which applicants have relevant personal qualities such as leadership ability and motivation to succeed in a long and difficult course. The style of questions will fall into two groups.

(a) Accomplishment questions. Applicants are asked about what they have accomplished in the past that would indicate to the panel that they have a particular personal quality.

(b) Situational questions. Applicants are asked what they would do in the future if a particular situation arose.

Interview panels

Interviewing panels consist of three members: a member of the Faculty of Medicine, a doctor in practice and an outside person who is not involved in medicine. The composition of the panels is deliberately broad because panels composed solely of faculty members or practicing doctors have in the past been legitimately criticised on the grounds that they perpetuated the personality style of medical graduates by selecting new students in the image of themselves.

Interviewers have attended at least one of the half-day training programs. In training the interviewers, emphasis is placed on the following interview techniques: (I) creating a friendly and purposeful atmosphere; (ii) indicating that we are more interested in exploring what the candidates sincerely think and feel about a range of issues rather than simply their verbal `slickness'; and (iii) ensuring that all the topics listed for discussion are adequately sampled in the course of the interview.

Personal qualities

The personal qualities sought in the applicant at interview fall into several fields - quality of motivation, appropriateness of interpersonal style and verbal communication skill.

1. Quality of motivation. This can be looked at in three stages: knowledge and understanding of what is involved in the medical course and in a career in medicine; motivating factors - a realistic desire to become a doctor, including underlying issues such as idealism, developmental history and identification; and perseverance - the ability to persist in the face of setbacks and frustrations.

2. Appropriateness of interpersonal style. Leadership - the ability to inspire other people; teamsmanship - ability to work within a collaborative unit; the ability to listen and be nonjudgemental; maturity - an indication that a person has reached an age-appropriate level of psychological development with an emerging sense of an independent self; flexibility - the ability to adapt to new situations.

3. Communication skill. The ability to communicate effectively with others, both in statement and in manner. As part of the assessment of communication skill, applicants will be asked to `detechnicalise' a scientific issue, ie to explain the issue in non-technical terms. Applicants will also participate in an `active listening exercise' in which they will be expected to summarise and answer specific questions concerning a saga. The saga will be presented by one of the panel members.

Interviews will be conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Wellington Road, Clayton, during mid-January, following the university's receipt of VCE results from VTAC.

The Faculty of Medicine will determine those applicants who are to be interviewed. Applicants may not request an interview.

Admission to first year with equivalent qualifications

Students who have not achieved their entrance qualifications in Victoria must hold qualifications which in the faculty's opinion are equivalent to those held by local candidates. The qualifications must include the same prerequisite subjects as those for local candidates outlined above. Such applicants must demonstrate at least the same level of academic merit as that which is required for local applicants. As an indication, local applicants who gain entry usually come within the top 2 per cent of all VCE students within Victoria.

Applications from non-school leavers

Applicants presenting with either partially complete or completed tertiary qualifications may be considered for entry to the medical course. In considering such applications the faculty selection committee will take account of an applicant's entire academic record and motivation as evidenced by extracurricular or employment experience. These are two of the criteria used in short-listing applicants for interview. Interviews are usually conducted in the December or January preceding entry. Many more applicants are able to demonstrate some suitability for the course than there will ever be available places. The demand for places in the medical course is extremely competitive both for school and non-school leavers. Each year there are approximately 1,200 non-school leaver applicants for a maximum of six to eight places. In most cases applications are only considered for entry to the first year of the medical course. In exceptional circumstances applications for later-year entry may be considered. Applicants for later-year entry must clearly demonstrate to the faculty selection committee that the content of their previous studies is at least equivalent to the appropriate Monash medical course components for which they are seeking exemption.

If you wish to apply for the Monash medical course, please note that the Guide for prospective students which contains the appropriate application form is published by the Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC), 40 Park Street, South Melbourne, Vic. 3205. This guide is available from VTAC in July or August and applications for courses close during September.

Non-school leaver applicants must also complete the faculty's supplementary information form, obtainable from the faculty office during September. Applicants must include copies of all relevant documentation with the supplementary information form.

Monash University students applying solely for a transfer to the Monash medical course must complete a form obtained from the faculty office during September. A VTAC application is not necessary.


International students

Faculty board has determined that up to fifteen places are available in the first year of the medical course for international students (overseas full-fee paying students). These students come from overseas to study in Australia under student visas and return overseas upon completion of their medical degree.

Selection of international students is determined on the basis of the equivalency of each applicant's academic qualifications to those admitted in the quota for Australian citizens. In particular the faculty selection committee will give full regard to internationally recognised secondary qualifications such as the General Certificate of Education (A levels) in the United Kingdom and its equivalents. In addition to original documentary evidence of such qualifications, applicants may be required to attend for an interview which would assess their verbal command of the English language. In the latter years of the course medical students are given a considerable measure of responsibility in the hospital wards under the supervision of hospital staff. It is vital, in the interests alike of patients and staff in the hospital, that students should be able to communicate fluently and accurately in this situation.

The faculty selection committee accepts applications throughout the year and meets at regular intervals to make offers of places for the following year.

Prospective applicants should be aware that the fee charged for the course will be maintained only for the first three years of the course. A new fee, taking into account inflation and other factors, would then be established for each of the last three years of the course. International students who during the life of their course become permanent residents of Australia are not automatically guaranteed a place in the local quota for the following year. All such students are required to compete for a place in that quota and it is possible that insufficient places may preclude a student from continuing in the course. Applicants should note that there is no guarantee of an internship place for international students. Prospective international students should ascertain the mutual recognition procedures and internship policies of their home country government authorities.


Credit transfer and recognition of prior learning

All subjects within the medical course are interdisciplinary in that they have input from several departments.

Teaching by an individual department is appropriate to each `bodily system' being studied and therefore does not follow a conventional sequential pattern. It is therefore not possible to equate a subject in the medical course to an equivalent subject elsewhere.

The small number of medical students who have previously undertaken tertiary studies may individually, after consultation with subject coveners, be exempt from some components (eg practical classes) of a subject.

However, all students must participate in a common assesment process and pass all prescribed subjects within the medical course.


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