Authorised by Academic Registrar, April 1996
Objectives The student is expected to acquire a basic knowledge and understanding of the process and applications of levelling, methods of contouring and the geometry and calculation of road curves.
Synopsis Applications of levelling - centre line survey and grid system. Theodolites: types and use, horizontal and vertical observations. Traversing and adjustment of the theodolite. Introduction to electromagnetic distant measurement. Topographic surveys: EDM technique, recording and reduction. Geometry and problems of curves and setting out procedures for horizontal, vertical and transition curves. Determination of volumes and earthworks using formulae for elementary solids system, prismoidal and end-area formulae; grid system Pappus theorem; contours, cut and fill balancing, mass-haul diagram.
Assessment Examination (3 hours): 80% + Fieldwork: 20%